Late Respiratory Complications of Mustard Gas Poisoning in Iranian Veterans

Hefazi, Mehrdad; Attaran, Davood; Mahmoudi, Mahmoud; Balali-Mood, Mahdi

doi:10.1080/08958370591000591

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The result of this study and others showed that the frequency of bronchiectasis tends to increase over time. One reason for this is the increase in the incidence of respiratory infections due to immunodeficiency in patients [9,10]. The present study demonstrated a significant association between the duration of SM exposure and number of organ systems involved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in intoxicated Iranian veterans

2009

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Long-term complications of sulphur mustard poisoning in intoxicated Iranian veterans

2009

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“…Patients with mild early symptoms, who developed respiratory complications in long term, usually have normal lung function, followed by mild obstructive involvement. 20,21 It seems that if the exposure is severe enough to cause early symptoms and hospitalization, the risk of late pulmonary involvement will increase. But later, the variation from moderate to severe and different periods of hospitalization after the exposure did not alter the outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late respiratory effects of sulfur mustard: how is the early symptoms severity involved?

et al. 2008

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The association between severity of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) and late respiratory complications is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of late pulmonary complications in patients with mild, moderate, and severe initial symptoms of sulfur mustard exposure. This was a retrospective cohort study on patients with mild, moderate, and severe initial symptoms of sulfur mustard exposure (during 1983-1988) in Baqyatallah University of medical sciences (2004)(2005). The 'mild' group (n = 115) had no early symptom at the time of exposure. The 'moderate' group (n = 273) had early symptoms after exposure and were not hospitalized for that reason. The 'severe' group (n = 215) had early symptoms and had been hospitalized accordingly. Pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest were performed. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The severe and moderate groups had a similar frequency of obstructive pattern (21%), whereas only one patient in the mild group showed this pattern. Air trapping did not significantly differ between groups. In the mild group, 74.8% (n = 86) showed significant air trapping, whereas it was 62.3% (n = 170) in moderate and 67.0% (n = 144) in severe groups (P = 0.057). Moderate and severe exposure to sulfur mustard causes an equal risk of late pulmonary complications, while mild exposure has lesser risk. Bronchiolitis obliterans is the main underlying respiratory consequence of sulfur mustard exposures and may relate to host factors rather than to severity of early symptoms. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2008; 5: 95-100

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“…On physical examination, crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi depending to the state of the patient, can be seen (12,29).The attacks of COPD exacerbation with increasing the severity of dyspnea, cough, and discoloration of sputum, is a common clinical presentation (12,30).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%