Late time barium cloud striations and their possible relationship to equatorial spread <i>F</i>

Kelley, M. C.; Baker, K. D.; Ulwick, J. C.

doi:10.1029/ja084ia05p01898

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Rockets were flown into striated clouds [ Baker and Ulwick , 1978], and a comparative study of man‐made and natural plasma instabilities was carried out [ Kelley et al , 1979]. In particular, the barium cloud plasma density fluctuation spectrum was compared with one bottomside equatorial spread F measurement.…”

Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that they are basically identical, and it also seems clear that the basic interchange instability physics is the same for both the E × B (barium cloud) instability and the Rayleigh‐Taylor (natural) process. At the time of the first comparison [ Kelley et al , 1979], high‐resolution ESF measurements were not available and the comparison was limited to scales larger than 100 m.…”

Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barium cloud striations revisited

Kelley

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Rocket-based barium cloud striation observations from the 1970s are revisited based on a better knowledge of naturally occurring irregularities and on a previously unpublished analysis. A sharp drop in the spectral density of the plasma density fluctuation power is found near 25 m wavelength. This mimics equatorial spread F (ESF) spectra reported in the 1990s. Structure balance arguments show that the effective perpendicular ambipolar diffusion coefficient is 25 times the classical value, in good agreement with the natural case. We speculate that three-wave coupling occurs to small scales where damped modes provide this anomalous diffusion effect, which is one-tenth the value of the Bohm diffusion.

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Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium cloud striations revisited

Kelley

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Kelley et al (1979) compared data from rocket flights during equatorial spread F (a RayleighTaylor instability) and from a flight through barium cloud striations (a wind-driven instability). The spectra were nearly identical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-latitude ionospheric fluctuation spectra due to secondary instabilities

Kelley

Swartz

Makela

2004

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…This relationship is due to the fact that the growth rate for the generalized RayleighTaylor instability is inversely proportional to the ion-neutral collision frequency, which decreases exponentially with altitude (Kelley et al, 1979a). A second term in the growth rate depends on the eastward electric field, which is destabilizing after F -region sunset and stabilizing during the night as dictated by the nominal F -region electric field driven by the dynamo wind systems (e.g., Fejer et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations and modeling of post-midnight uplifts near the magnetic equator

et al. 2006

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Abstract. We report here on post-midnight uplifts near the magnetic equator. We present observational evidence from digital ionosondes in Brazil, a digisonde in Peru, and other measurements at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory that show that these uplifts occur fairly regularly in the post-midnight period, raising the ionosphere by tens of kilometers in the most mild events and by over a hundred kilometers in the most severe events. We show that in general the uplifts are not the result of a zonal electric field reversal, and demonstrate instead that the uplifts occur as the ionospheric response to a decreasing westward electric field in conjunction with sufficient recombination and plasma flux. The decreasing westward electric field may be caused by a change in the wind system related to the midnight pressure bulge, which is associated with the midnight temperature maximum. In order to agree with observations from Jicamarca and Palmas, Brazil, it is shown that there must exist sufficient horizontal plasma flux associated with the pressure bulge. In addition, we show that the uplifts may be correlated with a secondary maximum in the spread-F occurrence rate in the post-midnight period. The uplifts are strongly seasonally dependent, presumably according to the seasonal dependence of the midnight pressure bulge, which leads to the necessary small westward field in the post-midnight period during certain seasons. We also discuss the enhancement of the uplifts associated with increased geomagnetic activity, which may be related to disturbance dynamo winds. Finally, we show that it is possible using simple numerical techniques to estimate the horizontal plasma flux and the vertical drift velocity from electron density measurements in the post-midnight period.

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Late time barium cloud striations and their possible relationship to equatorial spread F

Cited by 73 publications

References 31 publications

Barium cloud striations revisited

Barium cloud striations revisited

Mid-latitude ionospheric fluctuation spectra due to secondary instabilities

Observations and modeling of post-midnight uplifts near the magnetic equator

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