Late Wisconsinan sub-glacial clastic intrusive sheets along Lake Erie bluffs, at Bradtville, Ontario, Canada

Dreimanis, Aleksis; Rappol, Martin

doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(97)00017-1

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although water-escape structures have been described occasionally from (sub)glacial environments (Amark, 1986;Bujalesky et al, 1997;Dreimanis and Rappol, 1997), they are not a standard feature. Consequently their widespread occurrence at Sléttjö kull must point to extraordinary circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently we follow Amark (1986) and Larsen and Mangerud (1992) in postulating a down-glacier development of the water-escape structures. Not only because of the tapering shape of the structures (see also Dreimanis and Rappol (1997) on this aspect), but also because of the arguments listed above. The overall structure and pattern of the water-escape structures strongly resembles a system described by Kumpulainen (1994) from another part of Iceland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Subglacial water‐escape structures and till structures, sléttjökull, Iceland

Meer

Kjær

Krüger

1999

J Quaternary Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglacial water‐escape structures and till structures, sléttjökull, Iceland

Meer

Kjær

Krüger

1999

J Quaternary Science

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“…Dikes have been reported extensively in Canada (Dreimanis and Rappol 1997), Japan (Hayashi 1966), Europe (Mangerud et al 1981), and the United States (Newsom 1903;Shrock 1948;Peterson 1968). In the United States, dikes are particularly ubiquitous in the rhythmically bedded slackwater deposits of the Late Pleistocene Missoula floods known as the Touchet Beds (Bjornstad et al 1987;Pogue 1998;Fecht et al 1999).…”

Section: Microscale Modeling Of Variably Saturated Flow In a Clastic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Summary Report

Ward¹,

Conrad²,

Daily³

et al. 2006

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SummaryA series of field studies were conducted at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, from FY 2000 through FY 2003 at two different locations to develop data sets to test models of flow and transport in the vadose zone. The field studies were also done to investigate advanced monitoring techniques for evaluating flow-and-transport mechanisms and delineating contaminant plumes in the vadose zone at the Hanford Site. The studies were conducted as part of the Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project Science and Technology Project, now known as the Remediation and Closure Science Project, managed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office. This report summarizes the key findings from the field studies and demonstrates how data collected from these studies are being used to improve conceptual models and develop numerical models of flow and transport in Hanford's vadose zone. Results from the field studies and associated analysis have appeared in more than 46 publications generated over the past 4 years. These publications include test plans and status reports in addition to numerous technical notes and papers.Two major field campaigns were performed, one at a well injection test site and a second at a clastic dike test site. Both field studies have resulted in field-scale transport parameters for Hanford conditions, which are useful for improving predictions of subsurface flow and transport at the Hanford Site. In addition, advanced geophysical methods, including high resolution electrical resistivity measurements, were successfully tested and are now being deployed at Hanford for subsurface investigations and tank retrieval detection. The most useful information gained from these studies has been a better understanding of flow and transport in the vadose zone, and this has been specifically related to the impact of small-scale stratigraphic features (e.g., sediment layering) on water flow and contaminant transport. Conceptual models have been developed that take into account the lateral spreading of water and contaminants observed in the field studies. Numerical models of unsaturated flow and transport have been revised to account for lateral spreading of subsurface contaminant plumes.The key results from these studies include: 1) Greater understanding of the complexity of plume migration in the vadose zone at Hanford. Finescale geologic heterogeneities, including grain fabric and lamination, were observed to have a strong effect on the large-scale behavior of contaminant plumes, primarily through increased lateral spreading resulting from anisotropy.2) Observations of anion exclusion in Hanford sediments. Anion exclusion is a mechanism by which negatively charged ions are repelled from the surfaces of negatively charged soil particles, thereby increasing their velocity. Thus, the travel time of ions like pertechnetate, the stable form of 99 Tc found in oxidized environments, may decrease over that of unsaturated water f...

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“…Although the origin of these inclusions is not well defined, there are some hypotheses based on a review of the literature. Clastic intrusions are typically planar structures filled by a forceful injection of sediment either from below or above (Dreimanis and Rappol 1997). These intrusions may be bedding discordant (dikes) or concordant (sills) and are characteristic of unstable environments.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: FY 2002 Status Report

Ward¹,

Gee²,

Zhang³

et al. 2003

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SummaryThe work reported in this paper is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Science and Technology Initiative to develop improved conceptual models of flow and transport in the vadose zone, particularly for the Hanford Site, Washington. The National Academy of Sciences has identified significant knowledge gaps in conceptual model development as one reason for the discovery of subsurface contamination in unexpected places (NAS 2000). Inadequate conceptualization limits include, not only the understanding of long-term fate and transport, but also the selection and design of remediation technologies. Current conceptual models are limited, partly because they do not account for the random heterogeneity that contributes to the extremes of very nonlinear flow behavior typical of the Hanford vadose zone. A major improvement in the conceptual model of the Hanford vadose zone includes a better understanding and description of soil anisotropy, a property that appears to control much of the subsurface flow and transport in layered sediments at the Hanford Site.This project used a combination of geophysical and soil-physics techniques to investigate the infiltration and redistribution of water and dilute tracers in a controlled field experiment at the Army loop Road clastic dike study area at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington. In the FY 2002 tests, surfacedeployed ground-penetrating radar was used to identify the discrete pattern of horizontal layering that comprises the coarse component of the heterogeneity along a 60-m transect. The transect was instrumented to allow water to be applied along its length from a line source. Local-scale water content, matric potential, and tracer concentrations were monitored as a function of spatial scale by multipurpose time-domain reflectometry probes and suction lysimeters (solution samplers). The resulting data were used to characterize fine-scale heterogeneity as well as correlation lengths of hydraulic and transport parameters. Tracer breakthrough data were used to determine longitudinal and transverse dispersivit ies and their scale dependence. Parameters were analyzed to identify a suitable averaging (upscaling) procedure for field-scale infiltration predictions. Distributions of water and solute were found to be spatially dependent and controlled by the fine-scale features present both at the clastic dike and near the horizontal sill that was found to emanate from the dike. A theory of anisotropy was developed and successfully tested based on observations at the clastic dike site. The results of this study will help to bridge the gap between local-scale transport observations and field-scale transport behavior. It will allow the validation of recently developed inverse procedures for predicting field-scale parameters and will improve our prediction capability for heterogeneous sediments at Hanford. The improved conceptualizations will permit DOE to make defensible corrective and remedial-action decisions at the Hanford Site.

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Late Wisconsinan sub-glacial clastic intrusive sheets along Lake Erie bluffs, at Bradtville, Ontario, Canada

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Subglacial water‐escape structures and till structures, sléttjökull, Iceland

Subglacial water‐escape structures and till structures, sléttjökull, Iceland

Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Summary Report

Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: FY 2002 Status Report

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