Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Al-Zubairi, Thekra; AL-Habori, Molham; Saif-Ali, Riyadh

doi:10.2147/dmso.s332416

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Of the five ICA-positive patients in this study, three (60%) were female and two (40%) were male, showing no significant difference in ICA prevalence between opposite genders. Our results are consistent with those previously reported by Al-Zubairi et al 5 Similarly, there are other studies showing no significant correlation between patient gender and LADA prevalence. 22,24 Although autoimmune diseases are generally more common in women, 24 some other studies have reported a higher LADA prevalence in men.…”

Section: Various Studies Have Shown That the Prevalence Of Adult-onse...supporting

confidence: 94%

“…Although glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA), islet cell autoantibody (ICA), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibody (IA-2), and zinc transporter-8 autoantibody (ZnT8) are the most important markers in prediction and diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), some type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients can show these autoantibodies just like T1DM patients. [1][2][3] This type of diabetes is known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) 4,5 or adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. [1][2][3][4][5] LADA describe people with slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] This type of diabetes is known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) 4,5 or adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. [1][2][3][4][5] LADA describe people with slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 6,7 This feature discriminate LADA patients from type 1, because unlike T1DM, β cell function is maintained in LADA patients, which is defined by measurable fasting C-peptide levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Adult Patients Followed for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study

Naroei

Mehranpoor

Mohammadi

et al. 2022

Int J Basic Sci Med

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Introduction: This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to compare some clinical and metabolic markers between ICA-negative and ICA- positive groups in South Khorasan province, East of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 384 T2DM patients, all over 30 years old, were selected. None of the patients needed insulin therapy for at least 6 months following diagnosis. Demographic data including gender, age, age at diagnosis, disease duration, health status, family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) and treatment type were collected from all subjects. ICA assays were conducted using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, blood pressure, as well as cholesterol, serum C-peptide and HbA1c levels were compared between ICA-negative and ICA-positive groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: ICA was detected in 1.30% of all diabetic patients. Compared with ICA-negative patients, ICA-positive subjects had significantly lower median age (P = 0.000), lower median disease duration (P = 0.001), lower C-peptide level (P = 0.006) and worse glycaemic control (HbA1c, P = 0.040). Furthermore, autoantibody-positive patients had more need for insulin therapy (P = 0.022). No significant correlation was found between ICA prevalence and family history of diabetes (P = 0.262), mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0.282), BMI (P = 0.054), blood pressure (P = 0.070) as well as cholesterol levels (P = 0.888).Conclusion: Autoantibody screening is recommended in T2DM patients, especially non-obese patients under 40 years old, showing worse glycaemic control.

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Section: Various Studies Have Shown That the Prevalence Of Adult-onse...supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Adult Patients Followed for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study

Naroei

Mehranpoor

Mohammadi

et al. 2022

Int J Basic Sci Med

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The worldwide prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults among adult-onset diabetic individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes

Buzzetti

Maddaloni

Gaglia

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. When the disease is associated with severe loss of insulin secretion, it is referred to as insulin dependent, as affected individuals need insulin therapy to survive. Conversely, if the disease is caused by less severe insulin deficiency, affected patients are not dependent on insulin. Disease forms in which certain immune signatures are present, such as peripheral blood islet-specific autoantibodies, are classified as autoimmune diabetes, that is, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or, more accurately, type 1A diabetes to distinguish it from idiopathic type 1B diabetes 1 . In broad terms, individuals who present in childhood usually have insulin-dependent T1DM, but may also be affected by monogenic diabetes, known as maturity-onset diabetes of youth (MODY), or even type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conversely, those who present in adulthood usually have non-insulin-dependent T2DM, but cases of adult-onset autoimmune (AOA) diabetes are also frequent. Adult-onset diabetes has been suggested to encompass five different phenotypic groups in which those phenotypes that present with islet-specific autoantibodies are classified together as severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) 2 . The distinction between severe insulin deficiency, requiring insulin treatment, and more modest insulin deficiency, treatable by other means, is not always clear, especially in adult-onset diabetes 3 .Many of the issues surrounding adult-onset diabetes relate to the relationship between T1DM and T2DM in the context of age at onset, blood glucose levels and insulin deficiency, with lack of clear boundaries that define these major types of diabetes (Fig. 1). For example, although most cases of childhood-onset diabetes are autoimmune diabetes, most cases of autoimmune diabetes, in actual numbers, develop in adulthood. AOA diabetes is much more heterogeneous than young-onset autoimmune diabetes, as the rate of β-cell destruction is highly variable, probably owing to the differential presence of genetic factors and differing severity of the individual autoimmune process 4,5 .Epidemiological studies have highlighted that most patients with AOA diabetes do not require insulin treatment at diagnosis 6,7 , and these patients are commonly defined as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). In 2022, LADA has been included under the category of T1DM in the diabetes classification proposed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), although the term retains its own identity, being defined as common and acceptable in everyday clinical practice, raising awareness of individuals at risk of progressing towards requiring insulin therapy 1 . As most studies in AOA diabetes referred to 'people with LADA' , we retain the term LADA in this Primer when appropriate. The inherent conundrum has implications for this interface between the two major types of diabetes, that is T1DM and T2DM, and how they should be treated in clinical practice.In this Primer, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, c...

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Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

Prevalence of Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Adult Patients Followed for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study

Prevalence of Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Adult Patients Followed for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study

The worldwide prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults among adult-onset diabetic individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes

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