Latent Dimensions of Executive Functions in Early Childhood

Decker, Scott L.; Ezrine, Greer Alexander; Ferraracci, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s40817-016-0013-0

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is known that the level of sustainability of attention is the basis for academic success (Clark, Pritchard, & Woodward, 2010). It is also believed that sustained attention is an essential part of executive functions, along with verbal abilities and behavioral control (Decker, Ezrine, & Ferraracci, 2016). Interestingly, in our previous studies, which aimed to identify predictive markers for four-and five-year-olds (Nasledov et al, 2018), this factor was not found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Elaborating Screening Scales for Early Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Five- to Six-Year-Old Children in Russia

Nasledov¹,

Miroshnikov²,

Tkacheva³

et al. 2020

Psych. Rus.

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Background. It is known that the earlier a child is diagnosed with developmental delay (DD), the more promising his/her cognitive development can be. Various screenings are used worldwide for early detection of developmental problems. However, timely diagnosis of DD is not sufficiently carried out in Russia at present. Objective. Elaboration of screening scales to quickly monitor the mental development of five-to six-year-old Russian children was the objective of this study. The scales we developed involved the use of modern information technologies to obtain reliable results. Design. This study was carried out with a sample of 1,860 children. The formal procedure for multilateral monitoring of child development was used for data collection, involving a much more extensive set of tasks than in traditional tests of abilities; this allowed for a wider variation of the factor structure. For the fiveyear-olds, 349 tasks were used, and 292 for the six-year-olds. To construct scales for each age group (six-seven items in each), which would most accurately predict the diagnosis (Norm or DD), factor and discriminant analysis were carried out. To verify the prediction model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Results. As a result of the study, we developed scales which had similar types of variables for each age group (simpler for the five-year-olds and more complex for the six-year-olds). The common variables were logical reasoning, motor skills, and general awareness; two other scales were added for the six-year-olds: sustained attention and counting. According to the SEM, these scales are indicators of the general ability factor, and the latter one (general awareness) is the main predictor of the diagnosis. Conclusions. Short scales for rapid identification of DD in Russian preschoolers were constructed, which allow the use of computer technology to uncover the risk group among five-and six-year-olds in a timely fashion, and have high sensitivity and specificity of the forecast (not lower than 94%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Elaborating Screening Scales for Early Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Five- to Six-Year-Old Children in Russia

Nasledov¹,

Miroshnikov²,

Tkacheva³

et al. 2020

Psych. Rus.

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“…Likewise, the development of the child's attention must be determined in each stage of life with greater specification. Attention, object permanence, and tool use, while not part of the same construct, are precursors to the development of EFs and can be observed at very early ages (Decker et al, 2016;Pauen & Bechtel-Kuehne, 2016). Additionally, temperament, similar to EFs, predicts inhibition outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Escobar-Ruiz,

Arias-Vázquez,

Tovilla-Zárate

et al. 2023

Adv Neurodev Disord

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Objectives Neurodevelopmental disorders present deficits in executive functions (EFs). Before 36 months old, EFs act as basic abilities that allow adequate executive functioning at later ages. Three basic EFs are assessable before the child reaches 36 months old: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. This review aims to provide an overview of the progress and difficulties in assessing these three basic executive functions before children reach 36 months old. Methods Four databases were systematically searched without time or language limitations. The selection process was done using a PRISMA flowchart for scoping reviews. Sixteen studies were included, all in English and published between 2004 and 2021. Results Out of 277 studies, 16 met the inclusion criteria. The general data of the studies were summarized, such as sample age, type of study, measurement features, types of EFs assessed, task names, internal structure, reliability, and main contributions. The findings on available tasks and scales, factor structure, biological and environmental factors, and the variables influencing EFs before 36 months old are described. Conclusions Multiple factors influenced the evolution of EFs. The unidimensional model seems to better explain EFs before 36 months old. Expanding psychometric research with large samples and studying samples of children with symptoms at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders may help to improve the measurement of EFs before 36 months old.

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“…Известно, что уровень произвольности внимания лежит в основе академической успешности [Clark et al, 2010]. Также считается, про произвольное внимание входит в состав исполнительных функций наряду с вербальными способностями и поведенческим контролем [Decker et al, 2016]. Интересно, что в наших предшествовавших исследованиях по выявлению прогнозных маркеров для четырех-и пятилетних детей [Наследов и др., 2018b, 2018c], этот фактор не обнаружился.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Идентификация Прогнозных Маркеров Задержки Психического Развития 6-Летних Детей

Наследов¹,

Мирошников²,

Tkacheva³

2019

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Данная статья является продолжением серии публикаций, содержащих результаты исследования развития детей-дошкольников. Выявляется структура прогнозных маркеров развития для детей шести лет, наиболее достоверно дифференцирующая типично развивающихся детей этого возраста («Норма») и детей с задержкой психического развития («ЗПР»). Исследование проведено на выборке из 628 детей (532 – группы «Норма», 96 – группы «ЗПР»). Как и ранее, для выявления прогнозных маркеров применялись процедуры дискриминантного и факторного анализа с последующей проверкой надежности выделяемых факторов-шкал, с итоговым формированием прогнозной модели методом моделирования структурными уравнениями. Набор выделенных предикторов существенно отличается от предикторов для четырехи пятилетних детей и включает в себя следующие компоненты (в порядке убывания их вклада в предсказание): «Произвольное внимание», «Счет», «Логическое суждение», «Моторика», «Осведомленность». Соответствующие этим компонентам шкалы, в совокупности с возрастом, образуют общую шкалу, которая позволяет выделять «группу риска» с высокой вероятностью ЗПР. В результате стандартизации разработаны тестовые нормы для этой общей шкалы, которая демонстрирует чувствительность предсказания ЗПР 88,5% при задании специфичности предсказания нормы в 94,5%. В заключение делается вывод о том, что чувствительность предсказания для шестилетних детей несколько ниже, чем для четырехи пятилетних детей, что, по всей видимости, связано с эффектом коррекционных мероприятий. Тем не менее она достаточно велика для использования разработанных норм для быстрого выявления «группы риска» с целью дальнейшей дифференциальной диагностики.

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Latent Dimensions of Executive Functions in Early Childhood

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Elaborating Screening Scales for Early Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Five- to Six-Year-Old Children in Russia

Elaborating Screening Scales for Early Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Five- to Six-Year-Old Children in Russia

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Идентификация Прогнозных Маркеров Задержки Психического Развития 6-Летних Детей

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