Latent Growth Curve Model of Perceived Family Relationship Quality and Depressive Symptoms During Middle Adolescence in Spain

Abstract

This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between the perceived quality of family relationships and self-reported depressive symptoms during middle adolescence. A 2-year follow-up study, with three assessments at 1-year intervals, was conducted. A total of 525 Spanish adolescents completed paper-based self-report assessments, which included the 10-item Child Depression Inventory and a brief Likert-type scale to measure the quality of the relationships with their father and their mother separately. The results indicated that a decline in the quality of both adolescent–father and adolescent–mother relationships were related to an increase in depressive symptoms during middle adolescence. Furthermore, adolescent–father relationships were found to be worse for girls than for boys and were observed to be associated with gender differences in depressive symptoms after the follow-up. The results provide longitudinal evidence on the importance of parent–adolescent relationships and gender differences in depressive symptoms during adolescence.

Emotional security and family relationships of Spanish college students

“…The two subscales of perceived bidirectional relationships with father and perceived relationships with mother are calculated by adding the scores of the items in each subscale. The instrument has been reported as having good psychometric properties, with internal consistency values that range between α = .85 and α = .90(Gómez- Baya et al, 2018). In our study, internal consistency for BiPAR father was α = .96 and the internal consistency of BiPAR mother was α = .91.…”

Parental Socialization Styles: The Contribution of Paternal and Maternal Affect/Communication and Strictness to Family Socialization Style

“…In regards to the developmental phase or age for example, mothers have been found to have more influence during childhood and early adolescence [80], while fathers seem to become more prominent figures in their children’s lives towards the end of this period [2] and during young adulthood [36]. Besides, traditionally it has been considered that with increasing age, parents adapt their parental behaviors to their children’s changing needs, which translates into a child’s perception of less control [82], support, and affection [44], especially in the case of older adolescents. Indeed, previous studies have found that the incidence of maternal dimensions decreases with age, being higher at the beginning of adolescence [78].…”

“…When both parents have been taken into account, in most cases it was to determine their relative weight in, or contribution to, their children’s adjustment outcomes, with the results indicating that both parents play a significant role [24,25,26,41,42]. However, no consensus has yet been reached regarding which parent’s influence is stronger, with evidence existing in support of both the paternal [17,25,36,40,43,44,45] and the maternal contribution [27,46]. It is possible that this lack of convergence may be due, among other issues, to the type of variable analyzed, with some authors for example, arguing that maternal affect fosters children’s socioemotional development, while (a lack of) paternal affect results in behavioral problems [17].…”

Relationship between Partner Phubbing and Parent–Adolescent Relationship Quality: A Family-Based Study

“…In this condition, daughters will be on the same side as their mothers and less willing to be close to their fathers [52]. Research has also shown that father-daughter relationship quality is not as high as father-son relationship quality [56]. Thus, husbands' phubbing may have a greater impact on father-daughter relationship quality than on father-son relationship quality.…”