Latent Heat of Vaporization/Condensation

Datt, Prem

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_327

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In each scenario, the projections are based on 1 kg of sodium acetate, produced. The dryer heat is estimated based on the latent heat of evaporation of 2.26 MJ/kg 17 . The pump work is estimated, based on differential pressure of approximately 50 bar and 80% pump efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, simulated to achieve high solute concentrations, at low energy consumption

Beigi

Gadkari

Sadhukhan

2022

Sci Rep

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Microbial electrosynthesis (MES), is an emerging technology, for sustainable wastewater treatment. The dilute acetate solution, produced via MES, must be recovered, as dilute solutions can be expensive to store and transport. The acetate is expensive and environmentally damaging to recover by heat-intensive evaporative methods, such as distillation. In pursuit of a better energy economy, a membrane separation system is simulated to raise the concentration from 1 to 30 wt%, at a hydraulic pressure of approximately 50 bar. The concentrate is then simulated to be heat dried. Reverse osmosis (RO) could rase the acetate concentration to 8 wt%. A novel adaptation of osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) is then simulated to increase the concentration from 8 to 30 wt%. The inclusion of OARO, rather than a standalone RO unit, reduces the total heat and electric power requirement by a factor of 4.3. It adds to the membrane area requirement by a factor of 6. The OARO simulations are conducted by the internal concentration polarisation (ICP) model. Before the model is used, it is fitted to OARO experimental data, obtained from the literature. Membrane structure number of 701 µm and permeability coefficient of 2.51 L/m2/h/bar are ascertained from this model fitting exercise.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, simulated to achieve high solute concentrations, at low energy consumption

Beigi

Gadkari

Sadhukhan

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Another possibility is the increase of the cosubstrate concentration. 50 Experiments have shown higher conversions to up to 85% in the aqueous system with very high 1,2-propanediol concentrations (see SI Figure S3). Out of the three solvent systems tested, in a biphasic system with CPME as a second phase performed best.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Cascade in a Simultaneous, One-Pot Approach with In Situ Product Separation for the Asymmetric Production of (4S,5S)-Octanediol

Spöring

Westarp

Kipp

et al. 2022

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Stereopure aliphatic diols are an interesting class of compounds because of their potential applications as precursors for chemical catalysts, for high-value polymers, or as precursors for cyclic acetals. We present a simultaneous enzymatic two-step, one-pot cascade for the synthesis of vicinal diols with excellent de and ee values with the exemplary reaction system from butanal to (4S,5S)-octanediol. This reaction is restricted by an unfavorable reaction equilibrium. For an intensification of the reaction toward higher conversions in equilibrium and increased space time yields (STY), aqueous, microaqueous, and biphasic reaction systems for in situ product removal (ISPR) were experimentally investigated and compared. Process concepts for the purification of (4S,5S)-octanediol from each reaction system were developed and assessed in terms of product-specific energy demand. The two-phase reaction system for in situ product removal is favorable for the enzymatic reactions in terms of yield and STY at different time points. In comparison to the aqueous and microaqueous reaction systems, the specific energy demand for (4S,5S)-octanediol recovery is drastically reduced by approximately a factor of seven when performing ISPR using a biphasic system in comparison to an aqueous reaction system.

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“…Potential evapotranspiration was calculated from the sum of solar radiation (S r ) as given by Hargreaves and Allen (2003), where PET = 0.0135S r (Tmean + 17.8). The S r was expressed as total kJ m −2 and converted to the equivalent mm of water using the heat of vaporization at 25˚C (J per kg H 2 O; Datt, 2011). The precipitation deficit was the fraction of precipitation relative to total PET for each growth period and calculated as (PET − precipitation) / PET (Hargreaves, 1975).…”

Section: Climate Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How sowing date affects development and performance of safflower through climate variables

et al. 2021

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has unrealized potential as an alternative crop in many semiarid regions including central Argentina. Our objective was to relate how temperature and precipitation conditions with fall (5 June 2012 and 23 Apr. 2013) and winter sowing (13 Aug. 2012 and 20 Aug. 2013) affected phenology, yield, yield components, and oil percent in four winter and eight spring-type safflower accessions in the semiarid region of central Argentina. Fall sowing was associated with lower temperatures, higher precipitation, lower heat/moisture stress indices and precipitation deficits than winter sowing. Rosette period lasted 55 d longer, and stem elongation to anthesis period 30 d longer in fall than in winter sowing. However, anthesis was advanced only few days in fall sowing and duration of postanthesis development was comparable between sowing regimes and years. Fall sowing plants averaged 3,252 filled grains m -2 and a grain yield of 109.8 g m -2 , whereas winter sowing plants averaged 1,443 filled grains m -2 and a grain yield of 49.3 g m -2 . Grain yield was 35% higher in winter than in spring-type accessions, but winter types had lower oil percent (22.0%) than spring-types (33.3%). In the semiarid region of central Argentina, we recommend fall sowing as it extended the growing season in terms of days preanthesis and presented favorable climatic conditions for safflower development.

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Latent Heat of Vaporization/Condensation

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, simulated to achieve high solute concentrations, at low energy consumption

Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, simulated to achieve high solute concentrations, at low energy consumption

Enzymatic Cascade in a Simultaneous, One-Pot Approach with In Situ Product Separation for the Asymmetric Production of (4S,5S)-Octanediol

How sowing date affects development and performance of safflower through climate variables

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