Latent heat storage above 120°C for applications in the industrial process heat sector and solar power generation

Tamme, Rainer; Bauer, Thomas; Buschle, Jochen; Laing, Doerte; Müller‐Steinhagen, Hans; Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter

doi:10.1002/er.1346

Cited by 178 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…NaNO3 has been tested in an 8.51 kWh theoretical capacity experimental LHS system having aluminium fins for about 172 cycle's equivalent to about 4000 hours of operation without any problem [35]. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) has a reported melting temperature range of 333 -337 o C and latent heat of fusion ranging from 91 -98.9 kJ/kg in the literature [18,28,36,37]. Geyer [38] reported a latent heat of fusion of 266 kJ/kg.…”

Section: Economic Requirements Low Specific Cost and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PCMS and heat transfer enhancement methods applied in parabolic trough solar plants thermal storage systems

Muhammad¹

2018

Nig. J. Tech.

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Solar thermal power generation requires a cost effective thermal storage system. The existing two tank system is very expensive due to the storage material inventory. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) offers higher storage density. A review of potential PCMs was conducted in order to come up with commercially available ones having suitable properties. Most available PCMs have low thermal conductivity making heat transfer enhancement necessary for power applications. The various methods of heat transfer enhancement in latent heat storage systems were also reviewed systematically. The review showed that three commercially-available PCMs are suitable in the operating temperature range of parabolic trough plants. Many heat transfer enhancement methods have been investigated in the literature but the use of aluminium fins is the most promising in the temperature range of 250-330 o C. Many eutectic mixtures of materials have potential for use but discrepancies exist in their reported melting temperature and latent heat of fusion.Keywords: Latent heat, high temperature, thermal conductivity enhancement 1. INTRODUCTION Solar thermal power generation is one the most sustainable and renewable source of electricity. It has the potential of fulfilling the world's electricity needs due to the availability of solar energy in sufficient quantity in various regions of the world [1 -3]. Various solar thermal technologies have been developed over the years for the generation of electricity [4]. The parabolic dish [5 -7] power tower [8,9] and the parabolic trough [10 -12] are the most advanced and have been commercialized. The parabolic trough technology using synthetic oil as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) with operating temperature range between 290 and 400 o C is the most matured and cost effective technology for capacities <200 MW. This can partly be attributed to the experience gained in the operation and maintenance of the 354 MW Solar Electric Generating Station (SEGS) plants for over two (2) decades [4,13]. Most commercial solar plants in operation and under construction are of the parabolic trough technology [9]. The stable and sustainable operation of a solar thermal plant requires a back-up thermal energy source in order to produce thermal energy when that from the sun is insufficient. For cost effective operation there is also the need to avoid energy wastage when the

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Section: Economic Requirements Low Specific Cost and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of PCMS and heat transfer enhancement methods applied in parabolic trough solar plants thermal storage systems

Muhammad¹

2018

Nig. J. Tech.

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“…The application of tubes with wings embedded in a PCM is described as a sandwich concept. This concept has been developed, since it seems to be the most promising option for making efficient and low-cost latent heat storage systems [11,12,32].…”

Section: Promoting Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Exchange Analysis on Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Molten Salts and Nanoparticles as Phase Change Materials

Miliozzi¹,

Liberatore²,

Nicolini³

et al. 2018

Advancements in Energy Storage Technologies

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The increase of carbon dioxide emissions is the most important contributor to climate change. A better use of produced energy, increasing systems efficiency and using renewable sources, can limit them. A key technological issue is to integrate a thermal energy storage (TES). It consists in stocking thermal energy through the heating/cooling of a storage material for future needs. Among various technologies, latent heat TES (LHTES) provides high energy storage density at constant temperature during melting/solidification of storage media. The bottleneck in the use of typical PCMs is their low thermal conductivity. To improve the heat exchange between heat transfer fluid and PCM, three methods are possible and here experimentally analyzed: conductivity systems enhancements; convective flows promotion in liquid phase; and improvement of PCM thermal properties including small amounts of nanoparticles. CFD models were used to evaluate physical phenomena that are crucial for optimized LHTES systems design. The study of the heat exchange mode allowed some useful indications to achieve an optimized LHTES, taking advantage by convective flows and conductivity promotion systems. The use of NEPCM, to maximize the stored energy density and realize compact systems, makes necessary the improvement of its thermal diffusivity. These will be the future research topics.

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“…Latent heat storage is based on the heat absorption or release when a storage material undergoes a phase change during melting/solidification or evaporation/condensation processes. Finally, thermo-chemical heat storage media rely on reversible endo-/exothermal chemical reactions [14,15].…”

Section: Choosing Appropriate Lithium Based and Copper Foam Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Materials for CSP Plants and LCOE Evaluation for Performance Improvement using Chilean Strategic Minerals: Lithium Salts and Copper Foams

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The improvement of solar thermal technologies in emerging economies like Chile is particularly attractive because the country is endowed with one of the most consistently high solar potentials, lithium and copper reserves. In recent years, growing interests for lithium based salts and copper foams in application of thermal technologies could change the landscape of Chile transforming its lithium reserves and copper availability into competitive energy produced in the region. This study reviews the technical advantages of using lithium based salts-applied as heat storage media and heat transfer fluid-and copper foam/Phase Change Materials (PCM) alternatives-applied as heat storage media-within tower and parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants, and presents a first systematic evaluation of the costs of these alternatives based on real plant data. The methodology applied is based on material data base compilation of price and technical properties, selection of CSP plant and estimation of amount of required material, and analysis of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). Results confirm that some lithium based salts are effective in reducing the amount of required material and costs for the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems for both plant cases, with savings of up to 68% and 4.14% in tons of salts and LCOE, respectively. Copper foam/PCM composites significantly increase thermal conductivity, decreasing the volume of the TES system, but costs of implementation are still higher than traditional options.

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Latent heat storage above 120°C for applications in the industrial process heat sector and solar power generation

Cited by 178 publications

References 1 publication

Review of PCMS and heat transfer enhancement methods applied in parabolic trough solar plants thermal storage systems

Review of PCMS and heat transfer enhancement methods applied in parabolic trough solar plants thermal storage systems

Heat Exchange Analysis on Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Molten Salts and Nanoparticles as Phase Change Materials

Review of Thermal Materials for CSP Plants and LCOE Evaluation for Performance Improvement using Chilean Strategic Minerals: Lithium Salts and Copper Foams

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