Latent Herpes Simplex Virus in the Central Nervous System of Rabbits and Mice

Knotts, F. Barry; Cook, Margery L.; Stevens, Jack G.

doi:10.1084/jem.138.3.740

Cited by 124 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3,4,63 Infectious virus, however, is rarely recovered from CNS tissue following explant culture. [63][64][65] This is in contrast to peripheral sensory ganglia, where infectious virus can be recovered from most infected tissue. Similarly, LAT-expressing cells have rarely been identified by ISH in latently infected human or mouse brainstems, while they are easily detectable in peripheral sensory ganglia.…”

Section: Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency associated promoter transgene expression in the central nervous system after stereotaxic delivery of replication-defective HSV-1-based vectors

et al. 2001

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The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency associated promoter (LAP) has been shown to sustain long-term reporter gene expression within sensory neurones. Its activity within the CNS is, however, less well understood. In this study we characterise the activity of the LAP after stereotaxic delivery of recombinant HSV-1-based vectors to the brain. Two classes of vectors were utilised in these studies: (1) a replication-defective vector lacking the glycoprotein H and thymidine kinase genes, designated CS1, and (2) a virus mutant severely impaired for immediate-early (IE) gene expression which lacks functional VP16, ICP4 and ICP0 genes, designated in1388. Both vectors contain the LacZ gene under the control of the LAP. Following delivery of either vector to the striatum, ␤-gal expression was detected within anatomically related CNS regions distal to the site of injection. At these sites the number of ␤-gal-positive cells increased with time and remained stable up to 4 weeks p.i. ␤-Gal expression could not be detected at the site

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Section: Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency associated promoter transgene expression in the central nervous system after stereotaxic delivery of replication-defective HSV-1-based vectors

et al. 2001

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“…The present method for detection of latent virus genomes in ganglia is so-called co-cultivation of minced ganglionic tissue and permissive cells (Stevens et al, 1972;Knotts et al, 1973). This method has been modified (Wohlenberg et al, 1979;Harbour et al, 1981), and instead of co-cultivation, whole ganglia are cultured before homogenization and seeding of homogenized ganglion cells onto permissive cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genetic Information from Murine Trigeminal Ganglia by Superinfection with Heterotypic Virus in vivo

Thomas

Lycke

Vahlne

1985

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYMice previously latently infected with the F strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can be successfully colonized with a second virus strain if HSV-2 is introduced at the same peripheral site as HSV-1. On the other hand, HSV-1 strains seemed able mutually to exclude establishment of latency with each other. Mice (3 months or 3 years after nasal infection) latently infected with HSV-1 were thus superinfected with HSV-2. The mice were sacrificed 2 days post-infection when HSV-2 replication in the ganglia was found to have commenced. Ganglia were homogenized immediately and virus was plaqued on permissive cells. HSV-1 plaques were regularly obtained among HSV-2 plaques as assessed by staining with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent using a type-specific monoclonal antibody recognizing glycoprotein C of HSV-1. DNA from this virus had identical restriction endonuclease patterns (EcoRI, BamHI and HindlII) to the F strain used to infect the animals latently. HSV-1 was not retrieved from ganglia of controls superinfected with a neuroadapted vaccinia virus or were mocksuperinfected. The results suggest that it is possible to superinfect a latently infected ganglionic neuronal cell with a heterotypic HSV strain and that the subsequently introduced HSV-2 can act in trans to induce reactivation of latent HSV-1.

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“…There have since been many demonstrations, using the methods of co-cultivation and explantation, that HSV can be harboured in the sensory and autonomic ganglia of man (Warren et al 1977(Warren et al , 1978Baringer, 1974) and of other animals (Knotts et al 1973;Puga et al 1978;Tenser et al 1982). Similar techniques applied to central nervous system tissue have shown the incidence of latent infection following experimental infection in animals to be much lower than in the peripheral nervous system (Plummer et al 1970;Knotts et al 1973;Cook & Stevens, 1976;Cabrera et al 1980;Tenser & Hsiung, 1977). However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies in this laboratory showed that HSV1 DNA sequences were detectable in the brain tissue of patients with chronic (but not acute) psychiatric disease, and also in mice six months after infection with HSV1 (Sequiera et al 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%