Latent state-trait theory and research in personality and individual differences

Steyer, Rolf; Schmitt, Manfred; Eid, Michael

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199909/10)13:5<389::aid-per361>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 453 publications

(480 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Offenheit für Erfahrungen zeigte sich im Messzeitraum T1-T2 signifikant stabiler (r = .75) als Neurotizismus (r = .67), Steiger's z(322) = -2.13, p < .05, und Gewissenhaftigkeit (r = .67), Steiger's z(322) = 2.17, p < .05. Auch im Messzeitraum T2-T3 findet sich für Offenheit für Erfahrungen signifikant mehr Stabilität (r = .76) als für Neurotizismus (r = .62), Steiger's z(322) Steyer, Schmitt & Eid, 1999).…”

Section: Differenzielle Stabilität Der Persönlichkeitseigenschaftenunclassified

Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im mittleren Erwachsenenalter

Lehmann

Allemand

Zimprich

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psycho

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Section: Differenzielle Stabilität Der Persönlichkeitseigenschaftenunclassified

Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im mittleren Erwachsenenalter

Lehmann

Allemand

Zimprich

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psycho

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“…Latent state-trait theory (LST theory) proposed recently by Stayer [28,34] provides a good example of an unbiased interactionist perspective. LST theory aims to take into account the fact that situations and the interaction between them are also important sources of variance in psychological measurement.…”

Section: Situation (A)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Considering traits as behavioural consistency has even made possible to attribute personality traits to non-human animals [33]. What we argue is that these behavioural regularities might change over time mainly as a result of meaningful life experiences and personal learning [34]. Although some might say that this is the evidence that traits do not exist or are not important in predicting and promoting behaviour we would immediately reply that their criticism is due to their con-ceptions of what a trait is.…”

Section: Immutability Of Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Allen and Potkay [35] put it, "To assume states (variable behaviour) is also to assume its opposite, traits (constant behaviour)" (p. 925). In fact, empirical research relying on the Spielberger's STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), for instance, has demonstrated that "the common latent trait variable of repeatedly measured anxiety states was strongly correlated with the common latent trait variable of the repeatedly administered trait scale" [34], which supports the assumption that, although states can be measured, there is always a latent trait with the necessary power to explain behaveioural variance. In fact, the idea that traits influence psychological states is an established one [36].…”

Section: Immutability Of Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those characteristics should lead to changes in positive individual states that would ultimately be reflected in some positive behavioural manifestation. Others also admitted that individual traits can be changed by training or other cognitive learning strategies or by some sort of "therapeutic" counselling or coaching [28,29,34]. A good amount of research also tried to demonstrate that organizational-level characteristics may directly influence the emergence of positive individual states, such as autonomy and a broad freedom of choice [62], environmental clarity [63], role clarity [64], or organizational culture [26], to name a few.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Dialectical Approach to Positive Organizational Studies

Lopes¹

2013

AJIBM

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Over the last decade, an academic movement emerged towards the study of positive phenomena in management and organization studies. Since then, two different scientific research streams have emerged in line with this positive approach to management: 1) positive organizational scholarship (POS), which proposes a trait approach view of positive virtues and strengths and sees the environment as a moderator variable which facilitates or not the exhibition of corresponding positive behaviours; and positive organizational behaviour (POB), which defends a state-like perspective of positive characteristics, thus putting a strong emphasis on situational factors as determinants of positive behaviour, leaving a marginal role to positive psychological traits. As a critical comparison between these two different research streams is yet to be done, in this paper I propose a dialectical approach to study positivity in organizations and contrast these two different ontological approaches to positivity in organizations. I presented arguments to demonstrate that each of these approaches alone constitute quite a limited proposal in that each of them seems to misleadingly assume that: traits cannot be changed; they show incongruence between assumptions and purpose and; they constitute biased viewpoints. A dialectical approach makes possible to overcome these shortcomings by assuming both personality characteristics and environmental features relate each other in an intertwined complex way to produce positive behaviour in organizations. I finally present some practical implications that a dialectical approach would have to organizations and managers.

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Persons in situations: distinguishing new wine from old wine in new bottles

Johnson

1999

Eur. J. Pers.

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An ambitious scientist dreams of overturning conventional wisdom and establishing a new paradigm that will provide a grand theoretical synthesis of the ®eld. This commentary examines the articles of this special issue to distinguish what might be new from what is deÂjaÁ vu to traditional, mainstream trait psychology. To accomplish this, the commentary begins with an exposition of how trait concepts are used in the natural sciences. This exposition is meant to correct a straw-man concept of traits, oered by some psychologists, asùnmodulated consistencies in. .. behavior across time and diverse situations' (Kenrick and Funder, 1988, p. 24). After presenting an accurate view of the trait concept, I examine what the authors of these articles oer as alternatives to traits, traditionally conceived. This examination shows that the authors occasionally misrepresent traits, and that in some cases their oered alternatives are actually quite similar to traditional trait conceptions. I end by describing what the traditional trait approach considers to be reasonable goals for personality psychology and the most promising methods for reaching those goals. In its most generic sense, the term trait refers to any distinguishing characteristic, feature, property, or quality by which we identify something. More speci®cally, we have traits that refer to (a) physical appearance, (b) observable behavior patterns, and (c) inferred structural properties. For example, white and granular are traits that describe the physical appearance of both sodium chloride (table salt) and silicon dioxide (sand). Salt and sand show dierent behavior patterns in particular situations; salt is water-soluble whereas sand is non-water-soluble. Chemists explain what we observe about salt and sand in terms of their inferred atomic structures.

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Latent state-trait theory and research in personality and individual differences

Cited by 453 publications

References 46 publications

Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im mittleren Erwachsenenalter

Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im mittleren Erwachsenenalter

A Dialectical Approach to Positive Organizational Studies

Persons in situations: distinguishing new wine from old wine in new bottles

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