Later adjustment of children following radical separation from family and culture.

A follow-up study of adopted children from Romania

“…Even with these limitations, this study provides some insights into the experiences of at least one group of families who have adopted internationally. Consistent with previous research on international adoption (Rathbun, DiVirgilio, & Waldfogel, 1958;Rathbun, McLaughlan, Bennett, & Garland, 1965;Kim, Hong, & Kim, 1979;Harvey, 1983;Tizard, 1991), the overall adjustment of Romanian children adopted from institutions and from families is positive. There is much reason for cautious optimism.…”

Perceived Child-Parent Relationships and Child Adjustment in Families with Both Adopted and Natural Children

“…Social and emotional childhood deprivations, generally regarded as traumatic by some, may be regarded by others as merely annoying, inconvenient, or a challenge to be met. The apparent reversibility of early childhood trauma was reported in studies by Kadushin (1970), Maas (1963, Van Theis (1924), Rathbun (1964), and Ripple (1968).…”

“…The successful outcome of adoptive placements in studies conducted by Maas (1963), Rathbun (1964), and Welter No longer was the ideal match between parents and child sought. Emphasis was placed upon the needs of the child, primarily the right of every child to a permanent home.…”

Inter-Country Adoption of Older Children in Australia

“…The earliest study by Rathburn et al (1958Rathburn et al ( , 1965 published data on 35 refugee children brought to the USA from Europe and Asia, whose age range was five months to 10 years. At follow-up four levels of adjustment were designated: disturbed (6 per cent), problematic (30 per cent), adequate (49 per cent) and superior (15 per cent).…”