Lateral flow assays for viruses diagnosis: Up-to-date technology and future prospects

İnce, Bahar; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2022.116725

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Erroneous positive and negative molecular diagnostic results are indeed important and can have serious implications in people. Therefore, the use of RT-PCR combined with immunodiagnostic tests, such as LFIA or ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), can enhance the overall sensitivity and reduce erroneous information [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2023

Preprint

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Current COVID19 antigen testing is primarily carried out by obtaining a specimen via nasopharyngeal swab and performing a rapid lateral flow immunoassay, LFIA, or related immunoassays. On average, a nasopharyngeal antigen based LFIA for COVID19 remains positive for approximately one week from symptom onset, and levels of infectivity and duration of the symptoms may depend primarily on carrying a high viral load enough to infect others. It has been proposed that patients with long COVID, a syndrome in which patients continue to have complications of COVID with ongoing symptoms, may have occurring viral replication, despite testing negative via rapid COVID antigen testing. We therefore propose a modified antigen-based method that exposes hidden or masked antigenic sites of viral specimens, or lingering fragments of viral proteins, present in sputum using a home based rapid immunoassay for COVID19. Almost all protocols for testing were performed according to LFIA kit manufacturer s instructions for the detection of SARSCoV2 nucleocapsid protein antigen, one of the most predominant proteins encoded by the SARSCoV2 virus. However, in challenging the manufacturer s instructions, one or more digestive enzymes and a detergent were added to the collected biosamples (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, saliva, buccal, gargle, and sputum); this modified procedure expose hidden or masked antigenic sites of the coronavirus or crossreactant antigenic sites of related or non-related viruses, or some of the plethora of epitopes generated by the sample corresponding microbiota to accomplish an optimal binding to the commercial antibody used in the diagnostic test. The modified protocol can enhance detection sensitivity by making the resultant test band in sputum samples visible, that would otherwise not be seen, and consequently may generate a false negative result, in a nasopharyngeal sample from a patient with mild symptoms of COVID19 and or low viral load. Therefore, a need exists for an improved sample pre-treatment extraction procedure that allows optimization of sample preparation to attain a more accurate test result. Although the experiments described here were performed using commercial platforms, with antibodies directed to SARSCoV2 nucleocapsid antigen, this method may also be viable for the detection of any other pathogen in sputum by using antibodies directed to the key antigens present in the pathogen of interest. Furthermore, this modified method to expose the content of sputum can be used as a simple protocol to study the sputome, the proteome of sputum, and other omics, sputomics. In summary, this simple method is non-invasive, rapid, inexpensive, accurate, and may provide increased sensitivity and specificity in the detection of COVID19 antigens for several weeks or even months

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2023

Preprint

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“…A lateral flow assay (also called a lateral flow immunoassay or an immunochromatographic test) has been applied in various COVID-19 tests for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens directly from a clinical sample as well as for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies [ 35 ]. However, the antigenic and serological test based on LFA suffers from low sensitivity [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse Transcription Helicase Dependent Amplification and Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Assay

et al. 2022

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Rapid and accurate detection and identification of pathogens in clinical samples is essential for all infection diseases. However, in the case of epidemics, it plays a key role not only in the implementation of effective therapy but also in limiting the spread of the epidemic. In this study, we present the application of two nucleic acid isothermal amplification methods—reverse transcription helicase dependent amplification (RT-HDA) and reverse transcription loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP)—combined with lateral flow assay as the tools for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, which caused the ongoing global pandemic. In order to optimize the RT-had, the LOD was 3 genome copies per reaction for amplification conducted for 10–20 min, whereas for RT-LAMP, the LOD was 30–300 genome copies per reaction for a reaction conducted for 40 min. No false-positive results were detected for RT-HDA conducted for 10 to 90 min, but false-positive results occurred when RT-LAMP was conducted for longer than 40 min. We concluded that RT-HDA combined with LFA is more sensitive than RT-LAMP, and it is a good alternative for the development of point-of-care tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection as this method is simple, inexpensive, practical, and does not require qualified personnel to perform the test and interpret its results.

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“…LFIA is a very simple, rapid, and portable analytical device that combines immunoassay technology with chromatography. Typically, this device is composed of a sample pad, conjugated pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and absorption pad [ 93 , 94 ]. As a paper-based chromatography, LFIA can transport a fluid sample across various strip zones under the capillary force, which can be used for the immediate detection of antibodies or antigens via antibody-antigen interactions [ 95 ].…”

Section: Analytical Technologies For Hormones In Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Owing to the rapid development of the cosmetic industry, cosmetic safety has become the focus of consumers’ attention. However, in order to achieve the desired effects in the short term, the illegal addition of hormones in cosmetics has emerged frequently, which could induce skin problems and even skin cancer after long-term use. Therefore, it is of great significance to master the illegal addition in cosmetics and effectively detect the hormones that may exist in cosmetics. In this review, we analyze the illegally added hormone types, detection values, and cosmetic types, as well as discuss the hormone risks in cosmetics for human beings, according to the data in unqualified cosmetics in China from 2017 to 2022. Results showed that although the frequency of adding hormones in cosmetics has declined, hormones are still the main prohibited substances in illegal cosmetics, especially facial masks. Because of the complex composition and the low concentration of hormones in cosmetics, it is necessary to combine efficient sample preparation technology with instrumental analysis. In order to give the readers a comprehensive overview of hormone analytical technologies in cosmetics, we summarize the advanced sample preparation techniques and commonly used detection techniques of hormones in cosmetics in the last decade (2012–2022). We found that ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and microextraction coupled with chromatographic analysis are still the most widely used analytical technologies for hormones in cosmetics. Through the investigation of market status, the summary of sample pretreatment and detection technologies, as well as the discussion of their development trends in the future, our purpose is to provide a reference for the supervision of illegal hormone residues in cosmetics.

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Lateral flow assays for viruses diagnosis: Up-to-date technology and future prospects

Cited by 84 publications

References 182 publications

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse Transcription Helicase Dependent Amplification and Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Assay

Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology

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