Lateral Formwork Pressure for Self-Compacting Concrete—A Review of Prediction Models and Monitoring Technologies

Abstract

The maximum amount of lateral formwork pressure exerted by self-compacting concrete is essential to design a technically correct, cost-effective, safe, and robust formwork. A common practice of designing formwork is primarily based on using the hydrostatic pressure. However, several studies have proven that the maximum pressure is lower, thus potentially enabling a reduction in the cost of formwork by, for example, optimizing the casting rate. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding formwork pressure, parameters affecting the maximum pressure, prediction models, monitoring technologies and test setups. The currently used pressure predicting models require further improvement to consider several pressures influencing parameters, including parameters related to fresh and mature material properties, mix design and casting methods. This study found that the maximum pressure is significantly affected by the concretes’ structural build-up at rest, which depends on concrete rheology, temperature, hydration rate and setting time. The review indicates a need for more in-depth studies.

The Impact of Different Parameters on the Formwork Pressure Exerted by Self-Compacting Concrete

“…Fresh concrete density, as a main parameter in hydrostatic pressure, has been identified in previous studies as a parameter that significantly affects form pressure. This was specifically addressed by [ 7 , 12 ]. Air temperature was also identified by [ 1 ] as a parameter that significantly affects form pressure over time.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that form pressure is affected by several parameters, and these parameters are generally classified into parameters related to mixture design and material properties, the fresh concrete properties of the mix, and the placement method and speed of casting [ 12 ]. However, the degree of impact of these parameters is still unknown.…”

Using terrestrial laser scanning technology to assess the quality of prefabricated concrete modules

“…The bulging effect on the bottom half of the modules can be explained by the fact that the greater the quantity of concrete is poured, the more the inside pressure of the formwork increases, exposing the mould's structure to additional deformations (Gamil et al 2021;Ovarlez and Roussel 2006).…”

Machine learning in concrete technology: A review of current researches, trends, and applications

“…When casting concrete, several properties are needed to judge the quality and applicability of concrete such as slump for normal concrete, slump flow for Selfcompacting concrete (SCC), T500 for SCC, density, air content, yield stresses, concrete temperature, ambient temperature, and viscosity. These parameters are needed for specific equipment and expertise (Gamil et al, 2021;Gamil et al, 2023). It comes with the need for machine learning to substitute manual testing using historical databases owned by corporate or research institutions.…”