Lateral Gain Control in the Outer Retina Leads to Potentiation of Center Responses of Retinal Neurons

VanLeeuwen, Marjelle; Fahrenfort, Iris; Sjoerdsma, Trijntje; Numan, Robert; Kamermans, Maarten

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5834-08.2009

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We have stimulated the retina with a similar stimulus and studied the responses of cones and ganglion cells (GCs). We found that the response of GCs and the output of cones to a flickering spot became larger with steady surround illumination [63]. This suggests that the psychophysical phenomenon described by Kelly could have an outer retinal origin and that it is a fundamental feature of the vertebrate visual system.…”

Section: General Neuronal Processing In the Outer Plexiform Layermentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The second issue concerns the function of spectral coding in HCs, and this has been extensively discussed in Kamermans et al [79] and VanLeeuwen et al [63]. Kraaij et al [66] found that although the spectral sensitivity of HCs is opponent, their combined output to the cones is spectrally very broad and not opponent.…”

Section: (D) Opponent Coding Versus Non-opponent Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for

Kamermans

Hawryshyn

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In this review, we will discuss the recent literature on fish polarization vision and we will present a model on how the retina processes polarization signals. The model is based on a general retinalprocessing scheme and will be compared with the available electrophysiological data on polarization processing in the retina. The results of this model will help illustrate the functional significance of polarization vision for both feeding behaviour and navigation. First, we examine the linkage between structure and function in polarization vision in general.

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Section: General Neuronal Processing In the Outer Plexiform Layermentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: (D) Opponent Coding Versus Non-opponent Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for

Kamermans

Hawryshyn

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…4, no. 2), whose source has not yet been identified (Hardt and Watson, 1999). Presynaptic inhibition has been proposed to enable divisive gain control (Laughlin, 1994;Root et al, 2008;VanLeeuwen et al, 2009). …”

Section: Blocking Of Presynaptic Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Division, also referred to as gain control, alters the slope of the curve and extends the dynamic output range. These elementary mathematical computations constitute building blocks for both the CNS (Carandini and Heeger, 1994;Peña and Konishi, 2001) and optimal encoding of stimuli in early sensory processing across modalities and species (Barlow andLevick, 1965, Laughlin, 1994;Carandini and Heeger, 1994;Harris et al, 2000;VanLeeuwen et al, 2009;Wen et al, 2009). While the biophysical machinery behind subtractive changes on the level of single cells is well documented (Holt and Koch, 1997;Chance et al, 2002;Gabbiani et al, 2002;Benda and Herz, 2003), most mechanisms proposed to mediate divisive gain control demand a large synaptic background not available in the sensory periphery (Abbott et al, 1997;Chance et al, 2002;Gabbiani et al, 2002;Baca et al, 2008;Rothman et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Arithmetic Operations in a Single Neuron: The Recruitment of Adaptation Processes in the Cricket Auditory Pathway Depends on Sensory Context

Hildebrandt

Benda²,

Hennig³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Sensory pathways process behaviorally relevant signals in various contexts and therefore have to adapt to differing background conditions. Depending on changes in signal statistics, this adjustment might be a combination of two fundamental computational operations: subtractive adaptation shifting a neuron's threshold and divisive gain control scaling its sensitivity. The cricket auditory system has to deal with highly stereotyped conspecific songs at low carrier frequencies, and likely much more variable predator signals at high frequencies. We proposed that due to the differences between the two signal classes, the operation that is implemented by adaptation depends on the carrier frequency. We aimed to identify the biophysical basis underlying the basic computational operations of subtraction and division.We performed in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in a first-order auditory interneuron (AN2) that is active in both mate recognition and predator avoidance. We demonstrated subtractive shifts at the carrier frequency of conspecific songs and division at the predator-like carrier frequency. Combined application of current injection and acoustic stimuli for each cell allowed us to demonstrate the subtractive effect of cell-intrinsic adaptation currents. Pharmacological manipulation enabled us to demonstrate that presynaptic inhibition is most likely the source of divisive gain control.We showed that adjustment to the sensory context can depend on the class of signals that are relevant to the animal. We further revealed that presynaptic inhibition is a simple mechanism for divisive operations. Unlike other proposed mechanisms, it is widely available in the sensory periphery of both vertebrates and invertebrates.

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“…1, schematic descriptions). Presynaptic subtraction is supported by measurements of presynaptic calcium currents (VanLeeuwen et al, 2009) and postsynaptic conductance (Laughlin and Osorio, 1989;Weckström et al, 1989;Kamermans et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Potentials Modify the Transfer of Information at Photoreceptor Output Synapses in the Blowfly Compound Eye

Weckström

Laughlin²

2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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. The synapses are contained in compartments, lamina cartridges, whose extracellular potentials change with illumination (Shaw, 1984). We described these extracellular field potentials (FPs) using a novel permeabilization technique that converts neurons into extracellular recording probes. Having characterized extracellular FPs, we went on to study them using conventional microelectrodes. Extracellular space in a cartridge is electrically isolated from the body cavity and retina [input resistance (R in ) ϭ 6.0 M⍀ in dark], and light adaptation increases this isolation (R in ϭ 7.8 M⍀). In the dark, the extracellular space is 30 mV hyperpolarized compared with retina, and this promotes tonic synaptic activity by depolarizing the synaptic terminals. Illumination depolarizes the extracellular space, and voltage-clamp studies suggest that the postsynaptic chloride current in LMCs contributes to this light response. The presynaptic transmembrane potential in the photoreceptor axon was estimated by subtracting the FP from intracellular recordings. By backing off the presynaptic input, the FP can reset the synaptic operating range, produce response transients, and contribute to predictive coding by subtracting redundant low frequencies.

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Lateral Gain Control in the Outer Retina Leads to Potentiation of Center Responses of Retinal Neurons

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for

Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for

Multiple Arithmetic Operations in a Single Neuron: The Recruitment of Adaptation Processes in the Cricket Auditory Pathway Depends on Sensory Context

Extracellular Potentials Modify the Transfer of Information at Photoreceptor Output Synapses in the Blowfly Compound Eye

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