Lateral inhibition and cognitive masking: A neuropsychological theory of attention.

Walley, Roc E.; Weiden, Theodore D.

doi:10.1037/h0035007

Cited by 153 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In real biological systems, however, excitation or activation by itself is insufficient, and almost always requires to be balanced by inhibition. This too is also common in many artificial networks of cognition, particularly in the cases of perception and selective attention (Walley and Weiden, 1973;McClelland and Rummelheart, 1981). This balancing act, so to speak, is often modeled after a physiological process that is expressed at the cellular level of local neural circuits, known as recurrent inhibition.…”

Section: Neural Circuit Model Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic disturbance in schizophrenia and its relationship to the cognitive neuroscience of attention

Nestor

Han

Niznikiewicz

et al. 2001

Biological Psychology

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We view schizophrenia as producing a failure of attentional modulation that leads to a breakdown in the selective enhancement or inhibition of semantic/lexical representations whose biological substrata are widely distributed across left (dominant) temporal and frontal lobes. Supporting behavioral evidence includes word recall studies that have pointed to a disturbance in connectivity (associative strength) but not network size (number of associates) in patients with schizophrenia. Paralleling these findings are recent neural network simulation studies of the abnormal connectivity effect in schizophrenia through 'lesioning' network connection weights while holding constant network size. Supporting evidence at the level of biology are in vitro studies examining N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on recurrent inhibition; simulations in neural populations with realistically modeled biophysical properties show NMDA antagonists produce a schizophrenialike disturbance in pattern association. We propose a similar failure of NMDA-mediated recurrent inhibition as a candidate biological substrate for attention and semantic anomalies of schizophrenia.

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Section: Neural Circuit Model Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic disturbance in schizophrenia and its relationship to the cognitive neuroscience of attention

Nestor

Han

Niznikiewicz

et al. 2001

Biological Psychology

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“…A third way of handling both facilitation and inhibition from semantically related primes is to assume that there are both excitatory and inhibitory connections between related nodes in the memory network (see Martindale, 1981, andWalley &Weiden, 1973). According to this view, inhibitory priming effects are similar to lateral inhibition effects that occur in the visual sensory system (e .g., Ratliff, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition from semantically related primes: Evidence of a category-specific inhibition

1983

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The phenomenon of inhibition from generating successive items within a category, reported by A. S. Brown (1981), was examined in two experiments. Subjects responded on target trials by either generating targets (e.g., generating BASS to B when it followed the category name FISH, Experiment 1) or reading them (reading BASS when it followed the category name FISH, Experiment 2). Prior to target trials, all subjects received priming trials consisting of either one or four exemplars from a single semantic category, which could be either the same category as the target's category (related priming condition) or an unrelated category (unrelated priming condition). In both experiments, different groups of subjects either read or generated primes. When primes were read, target response times (RTs) were always facilitated in the related priming condition compared with in the unrelated priming condition. However, when primes were generated, this facilitation from related primes was eliminated, except in the one-prime condition, when targets were also generated. When primes and targets were both generated, RTs in the related priming condition were slower following four primes than following one prime. Thus, category-specific inhibition from multiple related primes is greatest when both primes and targets must be actively retrieved.Recent presentation of material semantically related to target information typically facilitates the processing or retrieval of that target information. For example, in a lexical (word-nonword) decision task, subjects are faster to respond that the letter string "nurse" is a word when it has been primed by a semantically related word such as "doctor" rather than by an unrelated word such as "butter" (

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“…Selective attention refers to the capacity to process target stimuli and ignore other, irrelevant and potentially interfering stimuli. Numerous experimental data in the literature suggest that the neurophysiological basis of selective attention could lie in the inhibition of neural responses to the irrelevant aspects of the stimulation (Walley and Weiden, 1973;Desimone and Duncan, 1995;Clark, 1996). It has been shown that the unitary responses of neurons in the visual cortex to unattended stimuli were dramatically reduced (Moran and Desimone, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

Morand-Villeneuve

Micheyl

Gagnieu

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The aim of this study was to test for an influence of benzodiazepine (BZD) on various perceptual and/or cognitive auditory processes. Loudness, auditory selective attention, and the ability of subjects to form perceptual streams out of alternating tone sequences were tested. Nine subjects were tested before, 1, 3, 7, and 24 h after a single-dose oxazepam vs placebo administration in a crossover design. A sample of blood allows us to measure plasma oxazepam concentration. The results revealed a significant reduction in stream segregation expressed as d 0 scores 1 h after oxazepam intake in the test subjects. No significant change occurred across time in the same subjects when they were administrated a placebo in another session. Furthermore, oxazepam had no substantial and systematic influence either on auditory selective attention or on loudness perception. Altogether, these results suggest that the perceptual organization of sound sequences involves inhibitory neural mechanisms, which can be affected by BZDs. This outcome is consistent with existing models of auditory stream segregation and may be paralleled with earlier findings on the effect of BZDs on perceptual binding in the visual modality.

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Lateral inhibition and cognitive masking: A neuropsychological theory of attention.

Cited by 153 publications

References 56 publications

Semantic disturbance in schizophrenia and its relationship to the cognitive neuroscience of attention

Semantic disturbance in schizophrenia and its relationship to the cognitive neuroscience of attention

Inhibition from semantically related primes: Evidence of a category-specific inhibition

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

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