Lateral interaction between vertebrate photoreceptors

Baylor, D. A.; Fuortes, M. G. F.; O’Bryan, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(71)90134-9

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…As the source of coarse‐to‐fine tuning begins in the retina, it is clearly relevant to consider the process there that generates the effect. Although functional connections between retinal cones and ganglion cells have been studied, there appears to be no clear information concerning the roles of horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cells in generating the coarse‐to‐fine processing of retinal ganglion cells (Baylor et al ., ,b; Flores‐Herr et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal flow of information in the early visual pathway

Moore

Rathbun

Usrey

et al. 2013

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The spatial components of a visual scene are processed neurally in a sequence of coarse features followed by fine features. This coarse-to-fine temporal stream was initially considered to be a cortical function, but has recently been demonstrated in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that coarse-to-fine processing is present at earlier stages of visual processing in the retinal ganglion cells that supply lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. To compare coarse-to-fine processing in the cat’s visual system, we measured the visual responses of connected neuronal pairs from the retina and LGN, and separate populations of cells from each region. We found that coarse-to-fine processing was clearly present at the ganglion cell layer of the retina. Interestingly, peak and high-spatial-frequency cutoff responses were higher in the LGN than in the retina, indicating that there was a progressive cascade of coarse-to-fine information from the retina to the LGN to the visual cortex. The analysis of early visual pathway receptive field characteristics showed that the physiological response interplay between the center and surround regions was consistent with coarse-to-fine features and may provide a primary role in the underlying mechanism. Taken together, the results from this study provided a framework for understanding the emergence and refinement of coarse-to-fine processing in the visual system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal flow of information in the early visual pathway

Moore

Rathbun

Usrey

et al. 2013

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…For example, rod depolarization also induces transient inward currents (depolarizations) in horizontal cells (HCs) which are DNQX-sensitive (Yang et al , 1998;Attwell et al , 1983), and thus the rod-depolarization-induced inward currents in DBCIIs and DBCIIIs could be mediated indirectly by AMPA receptors in HCs via sign-preserving synapses. It has been proposed that HCs mediate sign-preserving inputs to DBCs via three possible synaptic pathways: (1) the HC→cone→DBC feedback synaptic pathway (Baylor et al , 1971;Wu, 1992), (2) the HC→DBC chemical synapse (Dowling & Werblin, 1969;Yang & Wu, 1991) and (3) the HC→DBC electrical synapse (Zhang & Wu, 2009). Our results in Figures 6 and 7 suggest that pathway (1) is unlikely to be involved, because both rod-depolarization- and glutamate-puff-induced inward currents in DBCIIs and DBCIIIs persist in L-AP4, which blocks the cone→DBC segment of the HC→cone→DBC feedback pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate OFF responses in light-adapted ON bipolar cells

Pang

2012

Vision Research

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Previous studies have suggested that photoreceptor synaptic inputs to depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs or ON bipolar cells) are mediated by mGluR6 receptors and those to hyperpolarizing bipolar cells (HBCs or OFF bipolar cells) are mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors. Here we show that in addition to mGluR6 receptors which mediate the sign-inverting, depolarizing light responses, subpopulations of cone-dominated and rod/cone mixed DBCs use GluR4 AMPA receptors to generate a transient sign-preserving OFF response under light adapted conditions. These AMPA receptors are located at the basal junctions postsynaptic to rods and they are silent under dark-adapted conditions, as tonic glutamate release in darkness desensitizes these receptors. Light adaptation enhances rod-cone coupling and thus allows cone photocurrents with an abrupt OFF depolarization to enter the rods. The abrupt rod depolarization triggers glutamate activation of unoccupied AMPA receptors, resulting in a transient OFF response in DBCs. It has been widely accepted that the DNQX-sensitive, OFF transient responses in retinal amacrine cells and ganglion cells are mediated exclusively by HBCs. Our results suggests that this view needs revision as AMPA receptors in subpopulations of DBCs are likely to significantly contribute to the DNQX-sensitive OFF transient responses in light-adapted third- and higher-order visual neurons.

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“…The deviation of the data points from the identity line (interrupted line, Fig. 1B (Baylor, 1974;Baylor, Fuortes & O'Bryan, 1971) while the horizontal cell sums all the responses of the individual cones which are within its receptive field. In the experiments described in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal transmission from red cones to horizontal cells in the turtle retina.

Normann¹,

Perlman²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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1. Intracellular recordings were made from L‐type horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. The responses were evoked by 500 msec pulses of 'white' light. 2. L‐type horizontal cells were classified as either, 'small receptive field' s.r.f. or 'large receptive field' l.r.f. based upon (1) receptive field size and (2) kinetics of responses to test flashes covering small and big spots. 3. Constant illumination of the entire receptive field, with any intensity studied, evoked a response that reached a peak and then slowly sagged back to a steady‐state level that was about half the peak response. 4. Termination of backgrounds resulted in a very fast recovery of the membrane potential that overshot the dark‐adapted potential. This 'off' response had faster kinetics in horizontal cells than in red cones. 5. The intensity‐response curve measured around any background intensity was shifted along the log intensity axis toward higher test intensities. The curves obtained under light‐adapted conditions were sharper than the curve measured in the dark‐adapted state. 6. The photoresponses of red cones and s.r.f. horizontal cells were compared under similar states of adaptation. In the dark‐adapted state of the gain, expressed as the millivolt change in the horizontal cell per millivolt change in the cone, was not linearly related to cone potential, and was highest for dim stimuli. Light‐adaption modified the synaptic transmission to make the horizontal cells most sensitive to light modulation around the background illumination. 7. The mechanisms by which signal transmission can be modified by light‐adaptation are discussed in terms of transmitter release by the presynaptic terminals and its binding to post‐synaptic sites.

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Lateral interaction between vertebrate photoreceptors

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Spatiotemporal flow of information in the early visual pathway

Spatiotemporal flow of information in the early visual pathway

Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate OFF responses in light-adapted ON bipolar cells

Signal transmission from red cones to horizontal cells in the turtle retina.

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