Lateral Knee Compartment Portals: A Cadaveric Study Defining a Posterolateral Viewing Safety Zone

The determination of safe zones for arthroscopic portal placement into the posterior knee by mapping the courses of neurovascular structures in relation to bony landmarks

“…These portals endanger the saphenous vein and nerve medially and the fibular nerve laterally [22]. Until now only studies with small sample sizes assessed safety of either posterior-medial or lateral portal standard placement [1,7,19]. A comprehensive map of the course, relations and variations of these neurovascular structures, with reference to bony landmarks would therefore be helpful to reduce the risk of damage to the neurovascular structures.…”

Arthroscopic Trans-septal Portal of the Knee With Direct Visualization and No Need for Posterolateral Portal Creation

“…This is an unpopular technique for many surgeons given the increased risk of injury to the common peroneal nerve. 16 Thus, the technique allowing the creation of the trans-septal portal without the need for a posterolateral portal has an added benefit in terms of safety. 4 , 14 , 17 It also enables establishing the trans-septal portal in cases when creation of posterolateral portal is risky or impossible.…”

Ultrasound‐Assisted Posterior Knee Arthroscopy

“…In addition to this, other structures, such as the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and biceps tendon, are in close proximity to the portals. 7 Limitations in the knee range of motion can occur for multiple reasons, including prior surgery and injury. 8 In certain cases, a substantial knee contracture can prevent flexion of the knee to 90 , which would allow for the lowest risk of iatrogenic injury.…”