Lateral Periodontal Cyst Review of the Literature and Report of a Case

Abstract

The lateral periodontal cyst is a rare odontogenic cyst of developmental origin. It occurs on the lateral periodontal region of a vital tooth and has specific histologic features. In this paper a case of a lateral periodontal cyst is presented and cases previously reported in the literature are reviewed. The present case concerns a 50-year old woman who presented for an asymptomatic gingival swelling of the left canine mandibular region of 2 month's duration. X-ray examination showed a well circumscribed radiolucency with a radiopaque margin lying between the roots of the lateral incisor and canine. The associated teeth were vital. Enucleation of the lesion was performed. The histologic examination of the specimen showed a cyst lined by thin non-keratinized epithelium with focal thickenings containing clear cells.

Case Report: Diagnosis and Treatment of a Botryoid Odontogenic Cyst Found in the Maxillary Anterior Region

“…Wysocki et al (9) proposed that the gingival cyst of the adult and the LPC were extraosseous and intraosseous manifestations of the same entity because of their similar histogenesis. Diagnosis is readily made when the cyst is located either in gingival connective tissue without bone involvement or contained within an osseous cavity without gingival swelling (5).…”

“…LPCs are typically asymptomatic lesions found in adults between the fifth and seventh decades of life with no race or sex predilection (1,2,4). Usually discovered during routine radiographic screening, the LPC appears as a small oval or teardrop-shaped radiolucency surrounded by a sclerotic border on the lateral aspect of a root (2,5). These lesions are rarely greater than 1 cm in size and are most commonly found somewhere between the alveolar crest and the root apex (1).…”

“…The cystic lining is composed of one to five cell layers of squamous or cuboidal epithelium with a fibrous connective tissue void of inflammation (10,11). The epithelium shows areas of focal thickening with glycogen containing clear cells observed throughout the lining (2,5,12,13). The BOC and LPC often have a subepithelial zone of hyalinization (5,7).…”

“…The epithelium shows areas of focal thickening with glycogen containing clear cells observed throughout the lining (2,5,12,13). The BOC and LPC often have a subepithelial zone of hyalinization (5,7).…”

Lateral Per Iodontal Cyst : A Review of a Rare Presentations

“…6 The anatomic presence of rests of Malassez in the periodontal ligament supports the hypothesis that such rests are involved in the pathogenesis of lateral periodontal cyst. 7,8 Several additional theories had been proposed regarding the origin of lateral periodontal cysts, including the possibility that the lesions may arise as a result of pulpal infection manifesting itself in a lateral position or chronic periodontal disease activating the rests of Malassez. 9…”