Lateral X-ray view of the skull for the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy: A systematic review

Feres, Murilo Fernando Neuppmann; Hermann, Juliana Sato; Cappellette, Mario; Pignatari, Shirley Shizue Nagata

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.11.002

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The AN ratio was measured as the ratio of adenoidal depth to nasopharyngeal diameter according to the method of Fujioka et al 18 ; an AN ratio 0.67 was considered adenoid hypertrophy. 19,20 The weight and height of each child were measured, and the age and sex corrected body mass index (BMI) was applied for each child using established guidelines. 21 Obesity was defined as a BMI higher than the 95th percentile for a child's age and sex.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy between Objective and Subjective Outcomes after Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Kang

Weng

Lee

et al. 2014

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Adenotonsillectomy improves both objective and subjective outcomes. After surgery, quality of life significantly improved subjectively, despite an incomplete resolution of OSA objectively, leading to a better correlation between objective and subjective measures before as opposed to after surgery. Discrepancy between the 2 measures warrants an evaluation of a child both objectively and subjectively when treating OSA.

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy between Objective and Subjective Outcomes after Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Kang

Weng

Lee

et al. 2014

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…Removing the tonsils and adenoids is widely recognized as the most effective first-line therapy for childhood sleep apnea [2,3]. However, scientific studies on the potential correlations between adenotonsillar size and polysomnographic features remain diverse and controversial [4][5][6]. Nolan et al [4] reviewed studies relating tonsil size to OSA and found a weak association between subjective pediatric tonsil size and objective OSA severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nolan et al [4] reviewed studies relating tonsil size to OSA and found a weak association between subjective pediatric tonsil size and objective OSA severity. Major et al [5] and Feres et al [6] both described methodological disparities and inadequacies in assessments of adenoid size in recent data. The morphology of the upper airway is largely influenced by growth patterns of the adenoids, tonsils, and face, which may differ among OSA children of different ages and with different levels of adiposity [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileukotrienes in adenotonsillar hypertrophy: a review of the literature

Kar¹,

Altıntoprak

Muluk

et al. 2016

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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We assessed the use of antileukotrienes for treating adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We reviewed the current literature on the anatomy of adenotonsillar tissue, adenotonsillar hypertrophy/hyperplasia (and the associated pathophysiology and symptoms), and the effects of antileukotrienes used to treat adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators produced by a number of cell types, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, and monocytes. There are several types (e.g., LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4). By competitive binding to the cysLT1 receptor, LT-receptor antagonist drugs such as montelukast, zafirlukast, and pranlukast block the effects of cySHLTs, improving the symptoms of some chronic respiratory diseases. High numbers of LT receptors have been found in the tonsils of children with obstructive sleep apnea. Antileukotrienes reduce the apnea-hypopnea index and adenotonsillar inflammation. Antileukotrienes may be useful for children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy due to their anti-inflammatory effects, which help to reduce adenotonsillar inflammation.

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“…In paediatric outpatients, these radiographic views can be used to assess for adenoidal hypertrophy in a child who presents with nocturnal obstructive symptoms ( Fig. 1) [17]. Despite their various roles, an integral factor is that lateral neck radiographs must always be correlated with clinical findings [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%