Laterality effects in selective attention to threat after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at the prefrontal cortex in female subjects

d'Alfonso, Alfredo A.L; Honk, Jack van; Hermans, Erno J.; Postma, Albert; Haan, Edward H.F. de

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00781-3

Cited by 131 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In parallel, an interesting study in which a low-frequency (inhibitory) TMS paradigm was applied to the frontal left hemisphere revealed increased attention toward negative stimuli (d 'Alfonso, van Honk, Hermans, Postma, & de Haan, 2000). These studies confirmed the specificity of the left and right hemispheres in processing positive and negative emotional cues, respectively-specializations that may influence the succeeding recognition mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC increases the correct recognition of memories for emotional target and distractor words

Balconi

Ferrari

2012

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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According to a recent hypothesis, the prefrontal cortex has been proposed as the site of emotional memory integration, because it is sensitive to the recognition of emotional contents. In the present research, we explored the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in memory recognition processes for positive versus negative emotional stimuli when old (target) and new (distractor, either semantically related or unrelated to the target) stimuli were presented. The role of the DLPFC was analysed using an rTMS (repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation) paradigm that induced increased cortical activation of the left DLPFC. The subjects were required to perform a task that consisted of two experimental phases (i.e., an encoding and a recognition phase) in which the targets and the distractors were presented and recognition performance was measured. rTMS stimulation was provided over the left DLPFC during the recognition phase. We found that the rTMS stimulation affected the memory recognition of positive emotional material. Moreover, related and unrelated distractors were discarded better when they were positively valenced, and a more significant effect (i.e., increased performance) was produced in response to related distractors. This result suggests that the activation of the left DLPFC favours the memory recognition of positive emotional information, and that such activation is able to induce a more appropriate selective process to distinguish target from distractor stimuli in the presence of more complex processes (related distractors). The valence model of emotional cue processing may explain this increased performance by demonstrating the distinct role of the left hemisphere in the retrieval of positive emotional information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC increases the correct recognition of memories for emotional target and distractor words

Balconi

Ferrari

2012

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Despite the withinsubjects design and hypothesis-driven nonparametric testing, the study might have been underpowered due to the relative small sample size increasing the likelihood of a Type II error. It should however be noted that subthreshold slow frequency rTMS does usually not result in self-reported changes in mood [50][51], which makes the elevations in negative mood after emotion regulation following cerebellar rTMS even more noteworthy. Furthermore, slow frequency rTMS to the medial cerebellum may have introduced a state of heightened "physiological" susceptibility that may have contributed to the increases in negative mood after the emotional challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cerebellum in Emotion Regulation: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2008

Self Cite

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Several lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum may play a role in the regulation of emotion. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that inhibition of cerebellar function using slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) would lead to increased negative mood as a result of impaired emotion regulation. In a randomized counterbalanced within-subjects design, 12 healthy young right-handed volunteers received 20 min of cerebellar, occipital, or sham 1 Hz rTMS on three separate days. Mood state inventories were acquired prior to and immediately after rTMS and after an emotion regulation task (ERT). In the ERT, participants were instructed to either look at aversive and neutral scenes, or to suppress the negative feelings experienced while watching aversive scenes during which the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Results showing no changes in baseline-corrected mood were observed immediately after rTMS. However, significant increases in baseline-corrected negative mood following the ERT were reported after cerebellar rTMS exclusively. No effects on the EEG during the ERT were observed. These findings provide support for the view that the cerebellum is implicated in the regulation of emotion and mood, and concur with evidence of cerebellar abnormalities observed in disorders associated with emotion dysregulation. In order to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms involved, more research is needed.

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“…This effect is likely due to a reduction in transcallosal inhibition after the initial unilateral deactivation of the targeted area (Pascual-Leone et al, 1998;Schutter et al, 2001). d 'Alfonso et al (2000) found that rTMS to the right prefrontal cortex caused selective attention toward angry faces, whereas rTMS applied to the left prefrontal cortex caused selective attention away from angry faces. Thus, increased left prefrontal activity led participants to attentionally approach angry faces, as in an aggressive confrontation (further evidence that such attentional reactions reflect aggressive confrontation has been reported by Beaver, Lawrence, Passamonti, & Calder, 2008).…”

Section: Manipulation Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.

Carver¹,

Harmon‐Jones²

2009

Psychological Bulletin

1,405

1,165

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The authors review a range of evidence concerning the motivational underpinnings of anger as an affect, with particular reference to the relationship between anger and anxiety or fear. The evidence supports the view that anger relates to an appetitive or approach motivational system, whereas anxiety relates to an aversive or avoidance motivational system. This evidence appears to have 2 implications. One implication concerns the nature of anterior cortical asymmetry effects. The evidence suggests that such asymmetry reflects direction of motivational engagement (approach vs. withdrawal) rather than affective valence. The other implication concerns the idea that affects form a purely positive dimension and a purely negative dimension, which reflect the operation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems, respectively. The evidence reviewed does not support that view. The evidence is, however, consistent with a discrete-emotions view (which does not rely on dimensionality) and with an alternative dimensional approach.Keywords: anger, approach, appetitive system, avoidance, threat system Recent years have seen a surge of interest in emotional experience (e.g., Barrett, Niedenthal, & Winkielman, 2005;Dalgleish & Power, 1999;Davidson, Scherer, & Goldsmith, 2003;Frijda, 2007; Lane & Nadel, 2000;Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 2000;Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1988;Panksepp, 1998; Rottenberg & Johnson, 2007; Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001). Views of emotion vary considerably, in several respects. As one example, some people view emotions as a set of distinct modular entities, often considered basic emotions (e.g., Ekman, 1992;Izard, 1991;Izard & Ackerman, 2000;Levenson, 1994Levenson, , 1999Panksepp, 1998;Roseman, 1991). Others hold that affects are best understood by reference to underlying dimensions (e.g., Barrett, 2006;Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson, 1999;Carver & Scheier, 1998;Davidson, 1998;Gray, 1994a;Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1992Russell, 2003;Russell & Carroll, 1999a, 1999bWatson, Wiese, Vaidya, & Tellegen, 1999;Yik, Russell, & Barrett, 1999). AngerThis article focuses on one specific affect-anger. Specifically, it addresses the relationship of this affect to broad motivational tendencies of approach and avoidance, and it considers implications of that relationship for two areas of thought and research. We begin with a few words about definitions.Sometimes the terms affect, feeling, and emotion are treated as interchangeable (e.g., Isen, 2000); sometimes they are distinguished from each other (e.g., Fredrickson, 2001;. Affect is generally used to imply a hedonic experience, a sense of valence, a subjective sense of positivity or negativity arising from an event. When many use the word emotion, it is with that sense in mind. As Frijda (2000) put it, "For many theorists, the essence of emotion is feeling, and notably 'affect,' here used in the sense of a feeling of pleasure or pain . . . ." (p. 63). As Ortony et al. (1988) put it, emotions are ". . valenced reactions to events, agents, or objects . ." (p. 13). T...

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Laterality effects in selective attention to threat after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at the prefrontal cortex in female subjects

Cited by 131 publications

References 22 publications

rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC increases the correct recognition of memories for emotional target and distractor words

rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC increases the correct recognition of memories for emotional target and distractor words

The Cerebellum in Emotion Regulation: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.

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