Latex compounding ingredients

Blackley, D. C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5848-0_2

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The color measurements ( Figure 9 d) also showed that increasing the sulfur content did not affect the lightness because of the reflectance contribution of sulfur is lower than that of zinc oxide. The experiment is consistent with theory [ 23 ]. It is known that a ZnO content greater than 1 phr will make white rubber opaque.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This study investigated the use of the minimum sulfur content required to achieve satisfactory properties for container-sealing applications. According to theory, zinc oxide is used in rubber products in amounts greater than 3 phr to activate the vulcanization reaction and improve the tensile strength of the rubber [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, the use of zinc oxide in excess of 1 phr can make white rubber opaque.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

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Common kitchen wraps like plastic and aluminum foil create significant environmental burdens. Plastic wrap, typically made from non-renewable fossil fuels, often ends up in landfills for centuries, breaking down into harmful microplastics. Aluminum foil, while effective, requires a large amount of energy to produce, and recycling it at home can be impractical due to food residue. A promising new alternative, low-nitrosamine rubber wrap film, aims to reduce waste by offering a reusable option compared to traditional single-use plastic wrap. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either the fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting the rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap films. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength of at least 15 MPa, elongation at break of at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. Performance tests revealed the rubber wrap film’s superior sealing capabilities. Its elasticity allows for a tighter fit on containers, effectively conforming to various shapes and creating an optimal seal compared to plastic wrap and aluminum foil. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 (d)) also showed that increasing sulfur content did not affect lightness because of the reflectance contribution of sulfur is lower than that of zinc oxide. The experiment is consistent with theory [21]. It is known that ZnO content greater than 1 phr will make white rubber opaque.…”

Section: Results On the Performance Of Rubber Wrap Films In Actual Usesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This study investigated the use of the minimum sulfur content required to achieve satisfactory properties for container sealing applications. According to theory, zinc oxide is used in rubber products in amounts greater than 3 phr to activate the vulcanization reaction and improve the tensile strength of the rubber [21]. However, the use of zinc oxide in excess of 1 phr can make white rubber opaque.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Suchat,

Boonrasri

2024

Preprint

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The rubber wrap film is a promising new product that could have a positive impact on the en-vironment. The film is environmentally friendly, durable, and effective in sealing containers and keeping food fresh or crispy. The raw materials used to make the product were studied, namely fresh and concentrated natural rubber latex. No nitrosamines were found in either fresh or concentrated latex, which is important as nitrosamines are known to be carcinogenic. The absence of nitrosamines in the raw materials suggests that the universal rubber wrap film is safe for use. In this study, the rubber formulation and properties of rubber used to make rubber wrap film were studied. The content of additives affecting rubber properties was varied to find the optimum rubber formulation for making rubber wrap film. The rubber formulation with the least amount of chemicals that met the following criteria was selected: tensile strength at least 15 MPa, elongation at break at least 600%, and nitrosamine content below 6 ppm. It was found experimentally that the optimum rubber formulation for making a translucent rubber film had 0.7 phr zinc oxide and 1.0 phr sulfur. In actual use tests it was found that the translucent rubber wrap sealed containers more tightly than a PE plastic film or aluminum foil, because of its elasticity. This allows the rubber film to conform to the shape of the container more closely, creating a tighter seal. The results of this study provide valuable information for developing a universal rubber wrap film that is safe with low nitrosamines.

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“…The first step is the compounding process in which the latex, chemicals, water, and colour are mixed to achieve the required specification. The chemicals used in the compounding process are mainly alkaline salts, stabilizers, vulcanizing agents, activators, accelerators, and antioxidants (Blackley 1997). The names of some chemicals are unknown because of business confidentiality.…”

Section: Condom Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

Jawjit

Pavasant²,

Kroeze

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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This study aims to analyse the potential environmental impact of natural rubber (NR) condoms over its entire life cycle. The environmental performance of the production process of NR condoms is also compared to that of synthetic polyisoprene (PI) condoms. Options to reduce the environmental impact of condom production are proposed and evaluated. The potential environmental impacts are quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). The study takes a cradle-to-grave approach, and considers six phases: 1) fresh latex production, 2) concentrated latex production, 3) condom production, 4) condom use, 5) condom transportation, and 6) condom disposal. The comparative analysis of NR and PI condom production takes a gate-to-gate scope. The functional unit is one gross condom. The results indicate that the condom production phase has the largest share (34-73%) in the environmental impact during the life cycle of NR condoms, followed by the disposal phase (20-60%). Comparing the production of NR and PI condoms reveals that the production of PI condoms results in a 1.5-2.5 times higher environmental impacts than the NR condom production, due to higher electricity consumption, especially for the compounding, dipping, and leaching processes. Reduction of electricity use is a key measure to reduce the environmental impact. Combining natural gas with electricity for the dipping process is a promising option to reduce the electricity use; it results in ~10-17% reduction in environmental impacts.

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Latex compounding ingredients

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Environmentally Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film with Superior Sealing Properties

Advancement of an Eco-Friendly and Innovative Sustainable Rubber Wrap Film Exhibiting Superior Sealing Properties

Evaluation of the potential environmental impacts of condom production in Thailand

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