Latino and African-American Parental Resources, Investments, and Socialization Practices: Supporting Toddler’s Language and Social Skills

Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years

“…Because most Latinx children live with both parents, fathers have plenty of opportunities to engage with their children in their daily care in ways that go beyond financial support. Latinx fathers engage with their children in multiple ways, including play that is fun and stimulating (e.g., physical and rough and tumble play), literacy activities (e.g., reading), sports, and caregiving (e.g., feeding, bathing; Karberg, Cabrera, et al 2017; Kuhns et al 2018). Latinx fathers report more warmth and spend more time caring for their infants compared to fathers in other racial groups (Capps, Bronte-Tinkew, and Horowitz 2010).…”

A Strength-Based Framework for Realizing Latino Young Children’s Potential

“…Latinx parents engage in literacy-promoting activities such as reading, playing, telling stories, and doing puzzles that promote learning and use daily activities such as cooking or doing chores to stimulate learning of mathematical concepts (Cabrera et al, 2021; Galindo et al, 2019; Ruberry et al, 2018). Latino children are more likely to be residing with their father that not only offers the financial stability of a two-parent family but also another adult who is engaged in learning activities and everyday parenting (Karberg et al, 2017b; Kuhns et al, 2018). Latino fathers report more warmth toward, and spend more time caring for, their infants compared to other fathers (Cabrera et al, 2011), and Latinx parents report lower rates of spanking their school-age children than other groups (Cabrera et al, 2021; Pew Research Center, 2015).…”

Trajectories of low‐income mothers’ and fathers’ engagement in learning activities and child socioemotional skills in middle childhood

“…For example, although 27% of Latinx children live in poverty, the majority of them live in two‐parent households with parents who are stably employed but have low levels of education (Gennetian et al., 2019). Comparatively, fewer Black children live in poverty, but they are more likely to live in single mother households who have higher levels of education than Latinx children's mothers (Kuhns et al., 2018). Moreover, compared to Latinx children, Black children are more likely to be spanked at home and suspended or expelled from school (Bali & Alvarez, 2004).…”

“…Moreover, compared to Latinx children, Black children are more likely to be spanked at home and suspended or expelled from school (Bali & Alvarez, 2004). In short, Latinx and Black children experience different family and school dynamics that may explain in part differential child outcomes (Kuhns et al., 2018; Potter & Morris, 2017). For example, despite Black children having more educated parents, being read to more often, and having parents who engaged in more cognitively stimulating activities with them at home than Latinx children, Latinx children were rated by their teachers as being more socially competent than Black children (Padilla et al., 2017).…”

“…We conducted multigroup models to explore whether family poverty, mother‐father nonresidence, and difficult temperament moderated the associations between mothers’ and fathers’ changes in learning activities (slope) and child socioemotional skills at age 9 (Exploratory Analysis 3). Finally, based on research showing different family dynamics among Latinx and Black parents (Kuhns et al., 2018; Potter & Morris, 2017), multigroup models were used to explore whether the associations between race/ethnicity and initial level of engagement with children (intercept) and change in parent engagement (slope) varied by poverty and coresidential status (Exploratory analysis 4). Child sex at birth was controlled in our models.…”