Latino Employment and Black Violence: The Unintended Consequence of U.S. Immigration Policy

Enclaves of opportunity or “ghettos of last resort?” Assessing the effects of immigrant segregation on violent crime rates

“…Instead, concentrated immigrant neighborhoods are thought to strengthen mainstream social institutions, foster social capital/support networks, and provide a protective ''umbrella of social control'' and community resources that work together to help prevent crime and violence (see reviews in Barranco, 2013;Shihadeh and Barranco, 2010a;Shihadeh and Winters, 2010: 629).…”

“…While a growing body of research has documented the shift in immigration toward ''new destination'' cities and states (Harris and Feldmeyer, 2013;Ramey, 2013;Shihadeh and Barranco, 2010a, 2010b, far less attention has been given to the shifting spatial arrangements of immigration within urban areas.…”

The Immigration-Crime Myth: Exploring the Impact of Immigration on Neighbourhood Violence

“…Again, similar arguments are echoed at the neighbourhood level. In neighbourhoods with few immigrant residents, new arrivals lack access to the vital social support networks found in established areas which not only provide access to employment, childcare, financial assistance and housing but also help new arrivals overcome language barriers and adjust to a new culture (Harris & Feldmeyer, 2013;Shihadeh & Barranco, 2010). Without these resources, increased immigration may disrupt neighbourhood structures in ways that increase violence (Harris & Feldmeyer, 2013).…”

“…In such settings, immigrant residents tend to lack access to social and economic resources, face oppositional government policies and experience high levels of social exclusion and discrimination (Ramey, 2013). Some studies find the effect of immigration on crime varies between new and established cities with newer destinations experiencing poorer crime outcomes following increased immigration (Martinez et al, 2004;Ramey, 2013;Shihadeh & Barranco, 2010). As the social organisation of the city has important implications for crime at the neighbourhood level, two Australian cities with differing immigration histories are included as research sites in this thesis.…”

“…Census places range in size-from small towns up to midsize and large cities (US Census Bureau, 2012). (Shihadeh & Barranco, 2010) and cities (Ferraro, 2016; As this study is primarily interested in the meso level processes that shape the immigration- Crime is also spatially clustered in particular types of neighbourhoods. A long history of ecological research in the United States suggests that certain neighbourhoods create a social environment conducive to crime (Shaw & McKay, 1942;Sampson et al, 1997).…”