“…The number of different factors at play for any particular woman means that simple, clear cut, differences by characteristics such as ethnicity or culture are not found in the literature (Jones, Bogat, Davidson, Von Eye, & Levendosky, 2005;Savage & Russell, 2005). Responses received from family and friends are not always helpful (Clark, Silverman, Shahrouri, Everson-Rose, & Groce, 2010;Fanslow and Robinson, 2010;Goodkind, Gillum, Bybee, & Sullivan, 2003;Klevens et al, 2007, Lempert, 1997, and fear of possible negative or unhelpful reaction is one factor that can make women reluctant to talk to families and friends about their experiences. In some cases there is also direct involvement of family members, particularly in-laws, in the abuse experienced (Clark et al, 2010;Gangoli & Rew, 2011;García-Moreno et al, 2005).…”