Latitudinal divergence of common frog (<i>Rana temporaria</i>) life history traits by natural selection: evidence from a comparison of molecular and quantitative genetic data

Palo, Jukka U.; O’Hara, Robert B.; Laugen, Ane T.; Laurila, Anssi; Primmer, Craig R.; Merilä, Juha

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01865.x

Cited by 181 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Common garden experiments conducted in Scandinavia reveal a genetic basis to geographical variation in the developmental rates of R. temporaria tadpoles (12). Evidence that geographical variation in development rates of this species has arisen via natural selection comes from the observation that divergence in quantitative traits relating to development rates exceeds that at neutral genetic loci (13). The statistical test that we used to assess the extent of local adaptation of spawning date to winter temperatures in Britain is based on the quantitative genetics model developed below.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in spawning date between populations of common frog reveal local adaptation

Phillimore

Hadfield

Jones

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

282

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Phenotypic differences between populations often correlate with climate variables, resulting from a combination of environment-induced plasticity and local adaptation. Species comprising populations that are genetically adapted to local climatic conditions should be more vulnerable to climate change than those comprising phenotypically plastic populations. Assessment of local adaptation generally requires logistically challenging experiments. Here, using a unique approach and a large dataset (>50,000 observations from across Britain), we compare the covariation in temperature and first spawning dates of the common frog ( Rana temporaria ) across space with that across time. We show that although all populations exhibit a plastic response to temperature, spawning earlier in warmer years, between-population differences in first spawning dates are dominated by local adaptation. Given climate change projections for Britain in 2050–2070, we project that for populations to remain as locally adapted as contemporary populations will require first spawning date to advance by ∼21–39 days but that plasticity alone will only enable an advance of ∼5–9 days. Populations may thus face a microevolutionary and gene flow challenge to advance first spawning date by a further ∼16–30 days over the next 50 years.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in spawning date between populations of common frog reveal local adaptation

Phillimore

Hadfield

Jones

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

282

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These experimental sampling designs are similar to those used in several studies estimating Q ST o , with total number of individuals at 1000 (e.g., Spitze 1993;Lynch et al 1999;Palo et al 2003;Morgan et al 2005). Often, however, the total number of individuals used to infer Q ST is ,1000 (e.g., Bonnin et al 1996;Petit et al 2001;Steinger et al 2002).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dominance, Regular Inbreeding and Sampling Design on QST, an Estimator of Population Differentiation for Quantitative Traits

2006

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To test whether quantitative traits are under directional or homogenizing selection, it is common practice to compare population differentiation estimates at molecular markers (F ST ) and quantitative traits (Q ST ). If the trait is neutral and its determinism is additive, then theory predicts that Q ST ¼ F ST , while Q ST . F ST is predicted under directional selection for different local optima, and Q ST , F ST is predicted under homogenizing selection. However, nonadditive effects can alter these predictions. Here, we investigate the influence of dominance on the relation between Q ST and F ST for neutral traits. Using analytical results and computer simulations, we show that dominance generally deflates Q ST relative to F ST . Under inbreeding, the effect of dominance vanishes, and we show that for selfing species, a better estimate of Q ST is obtained from selfed families than from half-sib families. We also compare several sampling designs and find that it is always best to sample many populations (.20) with few families (five) rather than few populations with many families. Provided that estimates of Q ST are derived from individuals originating from many populations, we conclude that the pattern Q ST . F ST , and hence the inference of directional selection for different local optima, is robust to the effect of nonadditive gene actions.

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“…If the inclusion of nonadditive genetic variance causes a downward bias in Q ST , past studies may have underestimated differences in life-history traits relative to morphological traits. Indeed, previous studies by Koskinen et al (2002) and Palo et al (2003) that also used additive genetic variance to estimate Q ST found extreme divergence in most of the quantitative life-history traits they studied, relative to F ST of neutral loci. Furthermore, a recent metaanalysis (e.g., Leinonen et al 2008) that includes more studies using additive genetic variance to estimate Q ST found no difference between life-history and morphological traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adaptive Differentiation of Quantitative Traits in the Globally Distributed Weed, Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

et al. 2008

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Weedy species with wide geographical distributions may face strong selection to adapt to new environments, which can lead to adaptive genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic drift, particularly due to founder effects, will also commonly result in differentiation in colonizing species. To test whether selection has contributed to trait divergence, we compared differentiation at eight microsatellite loci (measured as F ST ) to differentiation of quantitative floral and phenological traits (measured as Q ST ) of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) across populations from three continents. We sampled eight populations: seven naturalized populations and one from its native range. By comparing estimates of Q ST and F ST , we found that petal size was the only floral trait that may have diverged more than expected due to drift alone, but inflorescence height, flowering time, and rosette formation have greatly diverged between the native and nonnative populations. Our results suggest the loss of a rosette and the evolution of early flowering time may have been the key adaptations enabling wild radish to become a major agricultural weed. Floral adaptation to different pollinators does not seem to have been as necessary for the success of wild radish in new environments.

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Latitudinal divergence of common frog (Rana temporaria) life history traits by natural selection: evidence from a comparison of molecular and quantitative genetic data

Cited by 181 publications

References 88 publications

Differences in spawning date between populations of common frog reveal local adaptation

Differences in spawning date between populations of common frog reveal local adaptation

The Effects of Dominance, Regular Inbreeding and Sampling Design on QST, an Estimator of Population Differentiation for Quantitative Traits

Adaptive Differentiation of Quantitative Traits in the Globally Distributed Weed, Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

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