Latitudinal gradients in tertiary molluscan faunas of the Pacific coast

Addicott, Warren O.

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(70)90103-3

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Species and genera are known to track isotherms during climatic shifts, so that taxa that expanded poleward during greenhouse conditions (Addicott, 1970) will subsequently contract their ranges with the onset of glaciation (Roy et al, 1995). Though this will affect the steepness of the LDG, it does not in itself provide a mechanism for the formation of the LDG or for lineages to become established in new climate zones .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first-order biodiversity pattern on Earth today and at least as far back as the Paleozoic is the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), a decrease in richness of species and higher taxa from the equator to the poles. LDGs are produced by geographic trends in origination, extinction, and dispersal over evolutionary timescales, so that analyses of static patterns will be insufficient to reveal underlying processes. The fossil record of marine bivalve genera, a model system for the analysis of biodiversity dynamics over large temporal and spatial scales, shows that an origination and range-expansion gradient plays a major role in generating the LDG. Peak origination rates and peak diversities fall within the tropics, with range expansion out of the tropics the predominant spatial dynamic thereafter. The origination-diversity link occurs even in a "contrarian" group whose diversity peaks at midlatitudes, an exception proving the rule that spatial variations in origination are key to latitudinal diversity patterns. Extinction rates are lower in polar latitudes (> or =60 degrees ) than in temperate zones and thus cannot create the observed gradient alone. They may, however, help to explain why origination and immigration are evidently damped in higher latitudes. We suggest that species require more resources in higher latitudes, for the seasonality of primary productivity increases by more than an order of magnitude from equatorial to polar regions. Higher-latitude species are generalists that, unlike potential immigrants, are adapted to garner the large share of resources required for incumbency in those regions. When resources are opened up by extinctions, lineages spread chiefly poleward and chiefly through speciation.

show abstract

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within the marine realm, there is a general impression of latitudinal gradients, in both hemispheres, in scleractinian coral taxa ( Veron, 1995), as well as some of the principal marine invertebrate groups that normally covary with them. Eocene and Miocene latitudinal gradients have been demonstrated in predatory gastropods (Taylor et al, 1980), and in Middle Miocene deposits of the Pacific coast USA there is a progressive decline in the combined numbers of gastropod and bivalve genera from 150 in the San Joaquin Basin of California to 20-25 in the lower Yakataga Formation, Gulf of Alaska (Addicott, 1970).…”

Section: Cenozoic (65 -0 Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time

Crame¹

2001

Diversity and Distributions

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. There is evidence from the fossil record to suggest that latitudinal gradients in taxonomic diversity may be time‐invariant features, although almost certainly not on the same scale as that seen at the present day. It is now apparent that both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients increased dramatically in strength through the Cenozoic era (i.e. the last 65 my) to become more pronounced today than at any time in the geological past. Present‐day taxonomic diversity gradients, in both the marine and terrestrial realms, are underpinned by the tropical radiations of a comparatively small number of species‐rich clades. Quite why these particular taxa proliferated through the Cenozoic is uncertain, but it could be that at least part of the explanation involves the phenomenon of evolutionary escalation. This is, in essence, a theory of biological diversification through evolutionary feedback mechanisms between predators and prey; first one develops an adaptive advantage, and then the other. However, there may also have been some form of extrinsic control on the process of tropical diversification, and this was most likely centred on the phenomenon of global climate change. This is especially so over the last 15 my Various Late Cenozoic (Neogene) vicariant events effectively partitioned the tropics into a series of high diversity centres, or foci. It has been suggested that, in the largest of these in the marine realm (the Indo‐West Pacific or IWP centre), a critical patterns of islands acted as a template for rapid speciation during glacioeustatic sea level cycles. The same process occurred in the Atlantic, Caribbean and East Pacific (ACEP) centre, though on a lesser scale. Tropical terrestrial diversity may also have been promoted by rapid range expansions and contractions in concert with glacial cycles (a modified refugium hypothesis). We are beginning to appreciate that an integrated sequence of Neogene tectonic and climatic events greatly influenced the formation of contemporary taxonomic diversity patterns.

show abstract

“…Molluscan assemblages have been used with great success to infer North Pacific Cenozoic shallow-water paleotemperatures (Schenck and Keen, 1937;Schenck, 1945;Ida, 1956;Addicott, 1969Addicott, , 1970Amano, 1994;Kafanov & Volvenko, 1997). The most recent of these studies have been based on the temperature tolerances of modern analogs of particular genera, and on percentages of extra-limital warm-water genera classified based on their modern northernmost occurrences.…”

Section: Patterns In North Pacific Mmco Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude of Middle Miocene warming in North Pacific high latitudes: stable isotope evidence from Kaneharaia (Bivalvia, Dosiniinae)

Oleinik

Marincovich

Barinov

et al. 2009

Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) at ~ 16 Ma was the warmest interval during the Neogene. The peak of the MMCO in the North Pacific is marked by the appearance of the bivalve genus Kaneharaia (Bivalvia, Dosiniinae) in the high-latitude regions of Kamchatka and Alaska (55 -65°N). Specimens of Kaneharaia sp. were collected from two early middle Miocene high-latitude localities in the North Pacific -the Sea urchin Horizon of northwestern Kamchatka and the Narrow Cape Formation of Alaska. Middle Miocene Kaneharaia specimens were incrementally sampled for oxygen and carbon stable isotope records of seasonality. Results were compared with stable isotope profiles constructed for two Recent species of Dosinia from subtropical waters. Assuming a constant seawater δ 18 O of -1.5‰ (Lear et al., 2000), including latitudinal correction (Zachos et al., 1994), oxygen isotope data yield mean annual temperatures of 19.3°C and 23.5°C and a mean annual range of temperatures of 19.8°C and 11.0°C for Alaska and Kamchatka, respectively. These temperature ranges are comparable to those of modern subtropical (40°N) mixed-layer waters, which implies significant warming episodes at high North Pacific latitudes during the peak of the MMCO. The variations in isotopic composition and inferred temperature ranges, as well as patterns of stratigraphic occurrence, imply that warm surface waters of the MMCO were not persistently present in high North Pacific latitudes, as they were at low latitudes. Instead, relatively short-term incursions of warm surface waters from the subtropical western Pacific episodically introduced warm-water mollusks into this generally cooler region.

show abstract

Latitudinal gradients in tertiary molluscan faunas of the Pacific coast

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern

Generation of Earth's First-Order Biodiversity Pattern

Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time

Magnitude of Middle Miocene warming in North Pacific high latitudes: stable isotope evidence from Kaneharaia (Bivalvia, Dosiniinae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About