Latitudinal variation in a photoperiod response gene in European barley: insight into the dynamics of agricultural spread from ‘historic’ specimens

Lister, Diane; Thaw, Susan; Bower, Mim A.; Jones, Huw; Charles, Michael; Jones, Glynis; Smith, Lydia; Howe, Christopher J.; Brown, Terence A.; Jones, Martin K.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.12.012

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During the twentieth century, the seed trade and mobility of farmers and seed increased leading to the overstamping of historical geographical landrace patterns. This kind of observation has also been made with historical and extant European barley landraces (Lister et al, 2009). Our results further stress the importance of historical collections as a reference material for population genetic studies of extant landraces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Twentieth-century changes in the genetic composition of Swedish field pea metapopulations

Leino¹,

Boström

Hagenblad

2012

Heredity

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Landrace crops are formed by local adaptation, genetic drift and gene flow through seed exchange. In reverse, the study of genetic structure between landrace populations can reveal the effects of these forces over time. We present here the analysis of genetic diversity in 40 Swedish field pea (Pisum sativum L.) populations, either available as historical seed samples from the late nineteenth century or as extant gene bank accessions assembled in the late twentieth century. The historical material shows constant high levels of within-population diversity, whereas the extant accessions show varying, and overall lower, levels of within-population diversity. Structure and principal component analysis cluster most accessions, both extant and historical, in groups after geographical origin. County-wise analyses of the accessions show that the genetic diversity of the historical accessions is largely overlapping. In contrast, most extant accessions show signs of genetic drift. They harbor a subset of the alleles found in the historical accessions and are more differentiated from each other. These results reflect how, historically present metapopulations have been preserved during the twentieth century, although as genetically isolated populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Twentieth-century changes in the genetic composition of Swedish field pea metapopulations

Leino¹,

Boström

Hagenblad

2012

Heredity

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“…Although the benefit of genebank conservation for plant breeders is unquestionable (reviewed by De Carvalho et al, 2013), concerns have been raised regarding the use of extant landrace material for studying questions regarding crop evolution (Lister et al, 2009;Hagenblad et al, 2012, Leino et al, 2013Roullier et al, 2013). Genetic drift, selection and contamination are all processes that can lead to changes in the genetic identity of landraces during ex situ regenerations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers without borders—genetic structuring in century old barley (Hordeum vulgare)

et al. 2014

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The geographic distribution of genetic diversity can reveal the evolutionary history of a species. For crop plants, phylogeographic patterns also indicate how seed has been exchanged and spread in agrarian communities. Such patterns are, however, easily blurred by the intense seed trade, plant improvement and even genebank conservation during the twentieth century, and discerning fine-scale phylogeographic patterns is thus particularly challenging. Using historical crop specimens, these problems are circumvented and we show here how high-throughput genotyping of historical nineteenth century crop specimens can reveal detailed geographic population structure. Thirty-one historical and nine extant accessions of North European landrace barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), in total 231 individuals, were genotyped on a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism assay. The historical material shows constant high levels of within-accession diversity, whereas the extant accessions show more varying levels of diversity and a higher degree of total genotype sharing. Structure, discriminant analysis of principal components and principal component analysis cluster the accessions in latitudinal groups across country borders in Finland, Norway and Sweden. F ST statistics indicate strong differentiation between accessions from southern Fennoscandia and accessions from central or northern Fennoscandia, and less differentiation between central and northern accessions. These findings are discussed in the context of contrasting historical records on intense within-country south to north seed movement. Our results suggest that although seeds were traded long distances, long-term cultivation has instead been of locally available, possibly better adapted, genotypes.

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“…An alternative explanation for the late development of agropastoral economies in Central Asia specific to the northern spread of wheat and barley could be the absence of certain phenotypical traits in plant varieties available at the time. The northern spread of these crops may have required the introgression of several important genes coding for frost tolerance and a photoperiod neutral response (the Ppd-H1 allele in barley) (Lister et al 2009). Recent research has focused on the day-length neutral Ppd-H1 allele as a key factor delaying the northern spread of barley (a similar factor likely existed for wheat; Jones et al 2008Jones et al , 2012Lister et al 2009;von Bothmer et al 2003).…”

Section: Inner Asian Mountain Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture in the Central Asian Bronze Age

2015

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By the late third/early second millennium BC, increased interconnectivity in the mountains of Central Asia linked populations across Eurasia. This increasing interaction would later culminate in the Silk Road. While these populations are typically lumped together under the title of 'nomads', a growing corpus of data illustrates how diverse their economic strategies were, in many cases representing mixed agropastoral systems. These Central Asian low-investment agropastoralists are responsible for connecting the great centers of plant domestication, and through a process of experimentation and exchange shaped economies across the Old World. In this article, I synthesize the evidence for the movement of agricultural technology through this region, which ultimately brought southwest Asian and East Asian crops together for the first time. By the Late Bronze Age, a specific package of agricultural crops had developed across the entire mountain corridor, including broomcorn millet, peas, naked six-row barley, and highly compact free-threshing wheat. Each of these crops has a distinct narrative, and I approach the topic of their spread individually. I also show that agriculture did not spread across the steppe during the Bronze Age and that crops cultivated in the forest-steppe of Eastern Europe were distinct from those of the mountain corridor.

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Latitudinal variation in a photoperiod response gene in European barley: insight into the dynamics of agricultural spread from ‘historic’ specimens

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Twentieth-century changes in the genetic composition of Swedish field pea metapopulations

Twentieth-century changes in the genetic composition of Swedish field pea metapopulations

Farmers without borders—genetic structuring in century old barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Agriculture in the Central Asian Bronze Age

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