“…CO 2 RR is typically conducted in a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, organic solution, or ionic solution, under milder conditions compared to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) conducted in strong acidic and alkaline systems. 78,137,138 The integration of porphyrin-based MOFs has allowed for the transition of porphyrins from original homogeneous catalytic systems to heterogeneous catalytic systems. 127,139,140 Common products resulting from heterogeneous catalytic electrochemical CO 2 RR include CO, CH 4 , HCOO − , and C 2 H 4 , among others.…”