We investigated the temperature-dependent evolution of the electronic structure of the J eff = 1 2 Mott insulator Sr 2 IrO 4 using optical spectroscopy. The optical conductivity spectra ͑ ͒ of this compound has recently been found to exhibit two d-d transitions associated with the transition between the J eff = 1 2 and J eff = 3 2 bands due to the cooperation of the electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling. As the temperature increases, the two peaks show significant changes resulting in a decrease in the Mott gap. The experimental observations are compared with the results of first-principles calculation in consideration of increasing bandwidth. We discuss the effect of the temperature change in the electronic structure of Sr 2 IrO 4 in terms of local lattice distortion, excitonic effect, electron-phonon coupling, and magnetic ordering.