Lattice location and electrical conductivity in ion implanted TiO2 single crystals

Fromknecht, R.; Auer, R.; Khubeis, I.; Meyer, O.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(96)00520-4

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1-6 TiO 2 exists in the crystalline phases anatase, rutile, and brookite as well as in amorphous state ͑a-TiO 2 ͒. 13 Low-density ͑A/cm 2 , Ͻ 1 kV͒ electron beams 10 were found to create a controlled number of Ti 3+ defects in TiO 2 ͑110͒. Accordingly, the physical properties can drastically change.…”

Section: Local Electron Beam Induced Reduction and Crystallization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local electron beam induced reduction and crystallization of amorphous titania films

Kern

Jäggi

Utke

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Section: Local Electron Beam Induced Reduction and Crystallization Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local electron beam induced reduction and crystallization of amorphous titania films

Kern

Jäggi

Utke

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The authors found Ti 3+ and Ti 2+ species and pointed out the possible existence of Magnéli phases, which have recently raised considerable interest because of their electric properties . A significant increase in electrical conductivity was also observed after Ar-, Sn-, and W-ion implantation into rutile . Low-density (μAcm -2 ) e-beams below 1 kV in an Auger microscope 16 induced an energy and dose-dependent controlled number of Ti 3+ defects in TiO 2 (110).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Beam-Induced Topographical, Chemical, and Structural Patterning of Amorphous Titanium Oxide Films

et al. 2006

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Electrolytically deposited amorphous TiO2 films on steel are remarkably sensitive to electron beam (e-beam) irradiation at moderate energies at 20 keV, resulting in controlled local oxide reduction and crystallization, opening the possibility for local topographical, chemical, and structural modifications within a biocompatible, amorphous, and semiconducting matrix. The sensitivity is shown to vary significantly with the annealing temperature of as-deposited films. Well-defined irradiation conditions in terms of probe current IP (5 microA) and beam size were achieved with an electron probe microanalyzer. As shown by atomic force and optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX), and Auger analyses, e-beam exposure below 1 Acm-2 immediately leads to electron-stimulated oxygen desorption, resulting in a well-defined volume loss primarily limited to the irradiated zone under the electron probe and in a blue color shift in this zone because of the presence of Ti2O3. Irradiation at 5 Acm(-2) (IP = 5 microA) results in local crystallization into anatase phase within 1 s of exposure and in reduction to TiO after an extended exposure of 60 s. Further reduction to the metallic state could be observed after 60 s of exposure at approximately 160 Acm(-2). The local reduction could be qualitatively sensed with WDX analysis and Auger line scans. An estimation of the film temperature in the beam center indicates that crystallization occurs at less than 150 degrees C, well below the atmospheric crystallization temperature of the present films. The high e-beam sensitivity in combination with the well-defined volume loss from oxygen desorption allows for precise electron lithographic topographical patterning of the present oxides. Irradiation effects leading to the observed reduction and crystallization phenomena under moderate electron energies are discussed.

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“…This is the reason why the EELS results show that the helium concentration in the inner crystalline structure is much lower than that in the glassy surface, especially that the helium bubbles all locates in the glassy layer. The ultrahigh stability [39,40] and dense atomic packing structure [41] of TiO 2 glass can retain the helium gas for ultra-long time. The high pressure in the helium bubbles of about 1-39 GPa also confirms that the glassy TiO 2 is an ideal reservoir to retain helium gas.…”

Section: Formation and Capture Mechanisms Of Helium Bubblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking advantage of glass: capturing and retaining the helium gas on the moon

Chen

Song

et al. 2022

Mater. Futures

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Helium-3 (3He) is a noble gas that has critical applications in scientific researches and promising application potential as clean fusion energy. It is thought that the lunar regolith contains large amounts of helium. But it is challenging to extract because most helium atoms are reserved in defects of crystals or as solid solutions. Here, we find large amounts of helium bubbles in the glassy surface layer of ilmenite particles that were brought back by Chang’E-5 mission. The special disorder atomic packing structure of glasses should be the critical factor for capturing the noble helium gas. The reserves in bubbles don’t require heating to high temperatures to extract. Mechanical methods at ambient temperatures can easily break the bubbles. Our results provide insights on the mechanism of helium gathering on the moon and offer guidance on future in situ extraction of helium on the Moon.

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Lattice location and electrical conductivity in ion implanted TiO2 single crystals

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Local electron beam induced reduction and crystallization of amorphous titania films

Local electron beam induced reduction and crystallization of amorphous titania films

Electron-Beam-Induced Topographical, Chemical, and Structural Patterning of Amorphous Titanium Oxide Films

Taking advantage of glass: capturing and retaining the helium gas on the moon

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