Silica-confined
Pt
x
Sn1–x
(x = 0.6–1.0) clusters were
examined for the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene, in terms
of the activity and selectivity. It was found that the Pt0.8Sn0.2 cluster of 1.5 nm, encapsulated in a porous silica
particle of about 20 nm, was highly active and selective, yielding
propane conversion of 20% and propylene selectivity of 97% at 873
K. The specific activity, based on Pt mass, was approximately two
times greater than that over the Pt cluster at a similar size. The
Pt3Sn alloy in a face-centered cubic structure served as
the active phase, in which Pt and Sn atoms catalyzed synergistically.
The Pt atoms dominated the activity, while the Sn atoms controlled
the selectivity by blocking the low-coordinated Pt sites for cracking
the C–C bond. Structural analysis on the spent catalysts revealed
that both the size and the atomic arrangement of the metal clusters
remained unchanged, evidencing that the spatial confinement of porous
silica physically restricted the aggregation and sintering of the
smaller metal clusters at such a high temperature and under the highly
reductive gases. Instead, accumulated cokes were mainly responsible
for the deactivation.