Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: a review of recent progress

Ratti, Claudia

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aabb97

Cited by 189 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 313 publications

(502 reference statements)

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“…Using the SU(3) version of the local PNJL model, it has been shown [52] that the inclusion of repulsive vector interactions among quarks shrinks the first-order transition region by moving the CEP to lower temperatures but higher densities, eventually causing the CEP to vanish at high enough values of the vector coupling constant ζ v . However, the value chosen for ζ v in this work allows for the existence of a CEP, in agreement with the results of LQCD extrapolation techniques [53]. By comparing panels (a) and (b) in Fig.…”

Section: Spinodal Decomposition and The Qcd Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 84%

Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars

et al. 2019

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In part one of this paper, we use a non-local extension of the 3-flavor Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which takes into account flavor-mixing, momentum dependent quark masses, and vector interactions among quarks, to investigate the possible existence of a spinodal region (determined by the vanishing of the speed of sound) in the QCD phase diagram and determine the temperature and chemical potential of the critical end point. In part two of the paper, we investigate the quark-hadron composition of baryonic matter at zero as well as non-zero temperature. This is of great topical interest for the analysis and interpretation of neutron star merger events such as GW170817. With this in mind, we determine the composition of proto-neutron star matter for entropies and lepton fractions that are typical of such matter. These compositions are used to delineate the evolution of proto-neutron stars to neutron stars in the baryon-mass versus gravitational-mass diagram. The hot stellar models turn out to contain significant fractions of hyperons and ∆-isobars but no deconfined quarks. The latter, are found to exist only in cold neutron stars. I. INTRODUCTIONExploring the thermodynamic behavior of the quark-gluon plasma and its associated equation of state (EoS) has become one of the forefront areas of modern physics. The properties of such matter are being probed with the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and great advances in our understanding of such matter are expected from the next generation of high density experiments at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR at GSI) [1, 2], the Nuclotron-bases Ion Collider fAcility (NICA at JINR) [3, 4], the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC at Tokai campus of JAEA) [5], the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS at CERN) [6] and the Beam Energy Scan (BES at BNL) [7].Depending on temperature T , and baryon chemical potential µ, the deconfined phase of quarks and gluons is believed to exist at two extreme regions in the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The first regime corresponds to T >> µ, which was the case in the early Universe where the temperature was hundreds of MeV but the net baryon number density was very low. Secondly, it is theorized that quark deconfinement occurs also at low temperatures but very high chemical potential, T << µ, that is, at conditions which exist in the inner cores of (proto-) neutron stars [8]. Portions of the phase diagram lying between these two extreme physical regimes can be probed with relativistic collision experiments.Effective field-theoretical models such as the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and its extensions [9-13] as well as lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations [14-16] predict a smooth crossover of nuclear matter to quark matter in the low density but high temperature regime of the phase diagram. On the other hand, in the low temperature but high chemical potential regime the hadron-quark phase transition is likely be of first-order [17]. Some recent works [18,...

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Section: Spinodal Decomposition and The Qcd Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 84%

Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars

et al. 2019

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“…This moment in the evolution of a heavy ion collision is called chemical freeze-out, and takes place when inelastic collisions within the hot hadronic medium cease. The underlying assumption is that the system produced in heavy ion collisions eventually reaches thermal equilibrium [30][31][32], and therefore a comparison between thermal models and experiment is possible [33] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

et al. 2020

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Like fluctuations, non-diagonal correlators of conserved charges provide a tool for the study of chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions. They can be calculated in thermal equilibrium using lattice simulations, and be connected to moments of event-by-event net-particle multiplicity distributions. We calculate them from continuum extrapolated lattice simulations at µB = 0, and present a finite-µB extrapolation, comparing two different methods. In order to relate the grand canonical observables to the experimentally available net-particle fluctuations and correlations, we perform a Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model analysis, which allows us to completely break down the contributions from different hadrons. We then construct suitable hadronic proxies for fluctuations ratios, and study their behavior at finite chemical potentials. We also study the effect of introducing acceptance cuts, and argue that the small dependence of certain ratios on the latter allows for a direct comparison with lattice QCD results, provided that the same cuts are applied to all hadronic species. Finally, we perform a comparison for the constructed quantities for experimentally available measurements from the STAR Collaboration. Thus, we estimate the chemical freeze-out temperature to 165 MeV using a strangeness-related proxy. This is a rather high temperature for the use of the Hadron Resonance Gas, thus, further lattice studies are necessary to provide first principle results at intermediate µB.Hadron Collider (LHC) have been able to create the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) in the laboratory, and explore the low-to-moderate baryon density region of the QCD phase diagram.At low baryon density, the transition from a hadron gas to a deconfined QGP was shown by lattice QCD calculations to be a broad crossover [1] at T 155 MeV [1][2][3][4]. At large baryon densities, the nature of the phase transition is expected to change into first order, thus implying the presence of a critical end point. A strong experimental effort is currently in place through the second Beam

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“…The overlayed chemical freeze-out data in the phase diagram of the non-local model are presented only by completeness. Chemical freeze-out parameters are analyzed from particle ratios in heavy-ion collision experiments using the statistical model of the hadron resonance gas [4]. The non-local PNJL model at zero temperature has been used to describe quark matter in compact stars interiors in several previous works [104][105][106][107].…”

Section: Quark Phase At Low Intermediate and High Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves

Orsaria

Malfatti

Mariani

et al. 2019

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The recent direct observation of gravitational wave event GW 170817 and its GRB170817A signal has opened up a new window to study neutron stars and heralds a new era of Astronomy referred to as the Multimessenger Astronomy. Both gravitational and electromagnetic waves from a single astrophysical source have been detected for the first time. This combined detection offers an unprecedented opportunity to place constraints on the neutron star matter equation of state. The existence of a possible hadron-quark phase transition in the central regions of neutron stars is associated with the appearance of g-modes, which are extremely important as they could signal the presence of a pure quark matter core in the centers of neutron stars. Observations of g-modes with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1.5 kHz could be interpreted as evidence of a sharp hadron-quark phase transition in the cores of neutron stars. In this article, we shall review the description of the dense matter composing neutron stars, the determination of the equation of state of such matter, and the constraints imposed by astrophysical observations of these fascinating compact objects. arXiv:1907.04654v1 [astro-ph.HE]

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Lattice QCD and heavy ion collisions: a review of recent progress

Cited by 189 publications

References 313 publications

Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars

Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars

Off-diagonal correlators of conserved charges from lattice QCD and how to relate them to experiment

Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves

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