Laughter with someone else leads to future social rewards: Temporal change using experience sampling methodology

Kashdan, Todd B.; Yarbro, Jessica; McKnight, Patrick E.; Nezlek, John B.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.025

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The current study is one of a series of papers derived from a larger data-set collected to understand emotion and emotion regulation in daily life. Measures not examined in the current study are reported elsewhere (DeWall, Lambert, Pond, Kashdan, & Fincham, 2013, Study 2;Farmer & Kashdan, 2012;Kashdan, Dewall et al, 2013, Study 3;Kashdan & Nezlek, 2012;Kashdan, Yarbro, McKnight, & Nezlek, 2014). Data were collected in two waves from a total of 173 participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis

Machell

Goodman

Kashdan

2014

Cognition and Emotion

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Experiential avoidance (EA) is a regulatory strategy characterised by efforts to control or avoid unpleasant thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations. Most studies of EA have used trait measures without considering the effects of EA on psychological functioning in naturalistic settings. To address this gap, we used daily diary methodology to examine the influence of EA of anxiety on everyday well-being. For two weeks, 89 participants provided daily reports of EA, positive and negative affect, enjoyment of daily events and meaning in life (MIL). Daily EA predicted higher negative affect, lower positive affect, less enjoyment of daily events (exercising, eating food and listening to music) and less MIL. The effect of EA on positive affect was not accounted for by the amount of negative affect experienced. Our daily measure of EA was a stronger predictor of daily well-being than a traditional trait measure (The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire). Taken together, results offer insights into the adverse effects of EA on daily well-being and suggest that EA is a context-specific regulatory strategy that might be best captured using a state-dependent measure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis

Machell

Goodman

Kashdan

2014

Cognition and Emotion

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“…Laughing is about making more robust bonds between the participants in the interaction, crystallizing a shared sense of belonging. Whenever there are human bonds in the making, laughter is instinctively put into action [13,14].…”

Section: The Social Meaning Of Laughtermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Entropy of Laughter: Discriminative Power of Laughter’s Entropy in the Diagnosis of Depression

Navarro

Moral

Cuesta-Álvaro

et al. 2016

Entropy

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Abstract:Laughter is increasingly present in biomedical literature, both in analytical neurological aspects and in applied therapeutic fields. The present paper, bridging between the analytical and the applied, explores the potential of a relevant variable of laughter's acoustic signature-entropy-in the detection of a widespread mental disorder, depression, as well as in gauging the severity of its diagnostic. In laughter, the Shannon-Wiener entropy of the distribution of sound frequencies, which is one of the key features distinguishing its acoustic signal from the utterances of spoken language, has not been a specific focus of research yet, although the studies of human language and of animal communication have pointed out that entropy is a very important factor regarding the vocal/acoustic expression of emotions. As the experimental survey of laughter in depression herein undertaken shows, it was possible to discriminate between patients and controls with an 82.1% accuracy just by using laughter's entropy and by applying the decision tree procedure. These experimental results, discussed in the light of the current research on laughter, point to the relevance of entropy in the spontaneous bona fide extroversion of mental states toward other individuals, as the signal of laughter seems to imply. This is in line with recent theoretical approaches that rely on the optimization of a neuro-informational free energy (and associated entropy) as the main "stuff" of brain processing.

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“…This misinterpretation of laughter might lead to relevant consequences for social interactions, as laughter is not only used to express positive emotions, but is also linked to social rewards (e.g., Kashdan, Yarbro, McKnight, & Nezlek, 2014). Hofmann, Platt, Ruch, and Proyer (2014) investigated the verbal and facial responses to photos of facially expressed joy smiles/laughs and contempt smiles in individuals with or without gelotophobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

Ruch

Hofmann

Platt

2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to non-gelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter. Thus, this study investigated the verbal and facial responses of 20 gelotophobes and 20 non-gelotophobes towards videos of people recalling memories of laughter-eliciting positive emotions (amusement, relief, schadenfreude, tactile pleasure). The facial expressions of the participants were clandestinely filmed and evaluated by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS; Ekman, Friesen, Hager, 2002). Smiles of enjoyment and "markers of contempt" were coded and verbal ratings of the participants obtained. Gelotophobes responded with less joyful smiles and with more expressions of contempt to laughter-eliciting emotions than did non-gelotophobes. Gelotophobes also rated the degree of joy expressed by participants in the video clips of tactile pleasure and relief lower than non-gelotophobes. No differences occurred in ratings of aversiveness. The results suggest that gelotophobes have a negative bias towards laughter-eliciting situations stemming from different positive elicitors. Abstract Gelotophobes (individuals with a fear of being laughed at) have even been found to express less joy and more contempt towards joyfully smiling/laughing faces compared to nongelotophobes. However, it is unclear whether the lower levels of joy and higher levels of contempt are related to joy per se or only to those elements of joy associated with laughter.

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Laughter with someone else leads to future social rewards: Temporal change using experience sampling methodology

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis

Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis

The Entropy of Laughter: Discriminative Power of Laughter’s Entropy in the Diagnosis of Depression

Individual differences in gelotophobia and responses to laughter-eliciting emotions

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