Launay’s External Carotid Vein

Manta, Mihaela Daniela; Jianu, Adelina Maria; Rusu, Mugurel Constantin; Popescu, Şerban Arghir

doi:10.3390/medicina57090985

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previously, a variant of the maxillary vein was described, where in the absence of the retromandibular vein, a maxillary vein split anteriorly and posteriorly connecting directly to an atypical external jugular vein and facial vein, respectively [ 11 , 12 ]. Another tributary that empties into the facial vein is the external palatine vein, which is well known as “paratonsillar vein” for ENT surgeons but has not been well studied [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of a Previously Unreported Drainage of the Maxillary Vein

Wang¹,

Iwanaga²,

Cardona³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Due to the importance of venous drainage of the head and neck in various pathological conditions, knowledge of anatomical variations is important to the clinician. Here we report a case of an unusual drainage pattern of the maxillary vein. A tributary of the left maxillary vein was found in a female cadaver (72 years old at the time of death) to travel through the medial aspect of the ramus of the mandible via an accessory mandibular foramen, which drains into the ipsilateral facial vein slightly proximal to the point where the anterior branch of the retromandibular and facial veins merged to form the left common facial vein. The diameter of the variant vein at the junction with the maxillary vein and at the junction with the facial vein was 1.0 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively. We report a previously unreported variant of the maxillary vein bypassing the retromandibular vein and draining directly into the facial vein. Knowledge of such a variant might help explain various complications such as hemorrhage and might prevent iatrogenic injury of the blood vessels during surgery in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of a Previously Unreported Drainage of the Maxillary Vein

Wang¹,

Iwanaga²,

Cardona³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…The CTAs were performed with a 32-slice scanner (Siemens Multislice Perspective Scanner), with a 0.6 mm collimation and a reconstruction of 0.75 mm thickness with 50% overlap for a multiplanar maximum intensity projection and three-dimensional volume rendering technique, as described previously [ 6 , 7 ]. The cases were documented using Horos for iOS (Horos Project) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Levels of the Occipital Artery Origin

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives. The occipital artery (OA) is a posterior branch of the external carotid artery (ECA). The origin of the OA is commonly referred to a single landmark. We hypothesized that the origin of the OA could be variable as referred to the hyoid bone and the gonial angle. We thus aimed at patterning the vertical topographic possibilities of the OA origin. Materials and Methods. One hundred archived computed tomography angiograms were randomly selected, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 90 files were kept (53 males, 37 females). The cases were documented bilaterally for different levels of origin of the OA origin: type 1—infrahyoid; type 2—hyoid; 3—infragonial; 4—gonial; 5—supragonial; 6—origin from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Results. The incidence of unilateral types in the 180 OAs was: type 1—1.11%, type 2—5.56%, type 3—40.56%, type 4—28.33%, type 5—23.33% and type 6, ICA origin of the OA—1.11%. There was found a significant association between the location of the left and right origins of the OAs (Pearson Chi2 = 59.18, p < 0.001), which suggests the presence of a strong symmetry of the origins. Bilateral symmetry of the vertical types of the OA origin was observed in 56.67% of cases; in 43.33% there was bilateral asymmetry. Conclusions. The ICA origin of the OA is an extremely rare variant. For surgical planning or prior to endovascular approaches the topography of the OA origin should be carefully documented, as it may be located from an infrahyoid to a supragonial level.

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“…The anatomical standard description of the EJV presents it as a superficial vein of the neck, usually formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein (RMV) with the posterior auricular vein (PAV) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Origin and Drainage Of The External Jugular Veinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations of the External Jugular Vein: A Pictorial and Critical Review

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant for identification of the greater auricular nerve, flap design and preparation, or EJV cannulation. (2) Methods: Different publications were comprehensively reviewed. Dissections and three-dimensional volume renderings of peculiar cases were used to sample the review. (3) Results: Different anatomical possibilities of the EJV were critically reviewed and documented: fenestrations and double fenestrations, true or false duplications, triplication, absence, aberrant origin or course, or bifurcation. Tributaries of the EJV, such as the facial and posterior external jugular veins, are discussed. The internal jugular vein termination of the EJV is also presented. (4) Conclusions: Care should be taken when different morphological features of the EJV are encountered or reported.

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Launay’s External Carotid Vein

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

A Case of a Previously Unreported Drainage of the Maxillary Vein

A Case of a Previously Unreported Drainage of the Maxillary Vein

Vertical Levels of the Occipital Artery Origin

Anatomical Variations of the External Jugular Vein: A Pictorial and Critical Review

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