“…It is well known that textiles contaminated due to inappropriate laundering procedures are a possible vehicle for nosocomial outbreaks involving bacterial, viral and fungal infections [4e6, 10,12,13]. Therefore, when decreasing the amounts of washing agent it is necessary to control temperature to ensure an appropriate disinfection effect of laundering [7,13]. Because clean, bright and undamaged textiles are an important part especially for the catering industry, the laundering quality determined by the secondary laundering effects (whiteness quality, chemical in mechanical wear and incineration residue) is also an important factor which cannot be ignored [17].…”