Laundry Detergent Compatibility and Dehairing Efficiency of Alkaline Thermostable Protease Produced from <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> under Solid-state Fermentation

Abstract

Introduction Protease enzymes EC 3.4.21-24 are fit for hydrolyzing the bonds between amino acids of protein molecule and they are the major industrial enzymes, which represented 60 of the complete synthetically produced enzymes 1. Alkaline proteases of microbial origin have impressive industrial intensity because of their biochemical decent variety and enormous applications in detergents, pharmaceutical, nourishment, dairy and leather industries 2. Fungi are the most microbes producing proteases with many advantages, since they are normally GRAS generally regarded as safe strains and their enzymes are secreted outside the cell which easily recover the enzyme 3, 4. Despite the fact that fungi are significant wellsprings of alkaline proteases 5, 6 , studies on their protease production are confined for the reason that the fungi prefer acidic and neutral pH values. Thus, it is of prime interest to search for

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

“…Aspergillus niger KIBGE-IB36, Penicillium chrysogenium X5, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigates , Aspergillus nidulans HA-10, Aspergillus oryzae , Penicillium chrysogenum, Mucor sp., Cephalosporium sp., Rhizopus sp. , Trichoderma and Penicillium italicum (Abu-Tahon et al 2020 ; de Castro et al 2015 ; Benmrad et al 2018 ; Sattar et al 2019 ; Naveed et al 2021 ). Aspergillus and Trichoderma are two dominant strains exploited for industrial protease production.…”

Characterization of the Proteolytic Activity of a Halophilic Aspergillus reticulatus Strain SK1-1 Isolated from a Solar Saltern

“…In contrast, the pH optimum varies widely among these Aspergillus species. For example, the optimum pH for proteolytic activity was pH 2.5 in A. niger [26], pH 5.0-5.5 in A. foetidus and A. oryzae [27,28], and pH 9.0-9.5 in A. fumigatus and A. terreus [29,30].…”

“…According to the optimum pH for their activity, proteases can be divided into acidic (pH 3-4), neutral (pH 5-8), and alkaline (pH 8-12) proteases. The optimum pH of SK1-1 (pH 9.5-10.5) suggests that SK1-1 produces alkaline proteases that are similar to A. fumigatus and A. terreus [29,30]. Alkaline proteases are actively used in industrial processes that require alkaline conditions, such as detergents and leather processing [31].…”

Identification of industrial detergent enzymes by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

“…For instance, after completing the fermentation process and ammonium sulfate precipitation, enzyme purification is routinely followed by IEC and SEC. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In order to investigate the purity and estimate the molecular weight of the obtained enzyme, SDS-PAGE is utilized. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]28,29 Also, spectrophotometric methods 19,26,27,29 and zymography [20][21][22]25,29,30 are used to assess the enzyme activity.…”

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In order to investigate the purity and estimate the molecular weight of the obtained enzyme, SDS-PAGE is utilized. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]28,29 Also, spectrophotometric methods 19,26,27,29 and zymography [20][21][22]25,29,30 are used to assess the enzyme activity.…”