Laundry Detergents

Smulders, Eduard; Rybinski, Wolfgang von; Sung, Eric; Rähse, Wilfried; Steber, Josef; Wiebel, Frederike A.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_315

Cited by 45 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A number of authors have indicated the key role of liquid crystalline structures in the process of stain removal [17][18][19]. It has been observed that the maximum performance efficiency of a product is achieved when staining is in direct contact with the liquid crystalline phase, but not with an ordinary micellar solution [17][18][19]. Thus, it is beneficial to carry out the washing process at such a composition of the bath and under such conditions under which mesophases form most readily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coacervates as a Modern Delivery System of Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Wasilewski¹

2010

J Surfact & Detergents

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Hand dishwashing liquids can be produced in a coacervate form. Such a delivery system can be readily mixed with water and, in the initial dilution stage, may exhibit a high viscosity. This makes it feasible to formulate concentrated products which can be diluted by consumers. The surfactant concentration in the starting formulation is found to affect the possibility of producing hand dishwashing liquids in coacervate form. Hand dishwashing liquids in coacervate form are produced by the separation of the upper phase under the effect of sodium chloride, whose concentration is a key parameter. An increase in the concentration of anionic surfactants in the starting formulation, requires a slight increase in the concentration of sodium chloride to start coacervation and this results in an increase in coacervate volume. The properties of the coacervate, i.e. viscosity, washability, emulsifying power and foamability, are reported and found to be similar to those of typical commercial products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coacervates as a Modern Delivery System of Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Wasilewski¹

2010

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…In addition, a review of the literature data (Calero et al, ; Lai, ; Murphy, ; Ogorzałek et al, ; Smulders, ; Wasilewski et al, ; Zoller, ) and the results of viscosity measurements performed for the commercial formulations presented in an article by the main author (Ogorzałek, Ogorzalek, ) indicated that the viscosity of this type of formulations ranged from ca. 20 to ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a review of the literature data (Calero et al, 2010;Lai, 2006;Murphy, 2015;Ogorzałek et al, 2019;Fig. 2 Particle size distribution in 1% aqueous solutions of the transparent fabric softeners without added extract and with 0.3% of raspberry seed extracts Smulders, 2002;Wasilewski et al, 2016a;Zoller, 2008) and the results of viscosity measurements performed for the commercial formulations presented in an article by the main author (Ogorzałek, Ogorzalek, 2017) indicated that the viscosity of this type of formulations ranged from ca. 20 to ca.…”

Section: Effect Of Hydrophobic Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in line with current trends, fabric softeners that are widely available on the market contain additional, naturally sourced ingredients such as plant extracts or oils or fats of animal origin (lanolin). These raw materials are intended primarily to enhance the fabric softening effect (Jang and Lee, 2010;Lai, 2006;Murphy, 2015;Pajnik et al, 2017;Smulders, 2002;Wasilewski et al, 2016a;Zoller, 2008), but they may also have a positive impact on the condition of the skin during the use of fabrics after the rinsing process (Hermanns et al, 2001;Isoda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Ogorzałek

Wasilewski

Klimaszewska

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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This article investigates the effect of hydrophobic supercritical CO2 raspberry seed extracts on the physicochemical and functional properties of a modern, transparent fabric softener. The addition of a hydrophobic extract to a transparent softener formulation increased the turbidity and dynamic viscosity of the product compared to the reference formulation (with no added extract). In addition, fabric rinsed in a bath containing the transparent fabric softener enriched with the hydrophobic extract was characterized by a higher degree of softness and slightly lower values of fabric rewettability (two parameters determining the usable properties of this type products) in relation to the values determined for a fabric exposed to the rinsing process in an aqueous solution of the transparent fabric softener without added extract. The results obtained in the assessment of physicochemical properties point to the modification of the structure of fabric softener resulting from the growth of surfactant aggregates due to solubilization of the hydrophobic extract. As a consequence, the deposit—an adsorption layer of surfactants (responsible for key characteristics relevant to the performance of this type of products) remaining on the fabric after the rinsing process—is modified.

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“…In the detergent industry, however, viscous concentrated formulations are often undesirable [18]. For this reason, certain viscosity-reducing agents such as salt are added to these formulations in order to be applied in fabric softener production, thus enabling the control of the mixing operation during their production and easy handling [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological and Microstructural Behavior of a Model Concentrated Fabric Softener

Calero

Alfaro

García

et al. 2011

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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Shear-induced microstructural transitions in aqueous systems of a cationic commercial esterquat-type surfactant used in concentrated fabric softeners were rheologically and microscopically characterized. Binary (surfactant/water) and ternary (surfactant/CaCl 2 /water) systems were studied. The obtained flow curves demonstrated the shear-thickening behavior in ternary systems at high shear rates, provoked by shear-induced transitions from surfactant bilayers to multilamellar vesicles. This fact was confirmed by hysteresis-loop experiments which proved that a critical shear rate was required to observe apparent antithixotropic behavior in the ternary systems. Start-up flow tests indicated that the increase of shear stress with shear time was more marked as the shear rate was increased. Finally, a comparative aging study of ternary systems with a surfactant used in concentrated fabric softeners and the ternary systems with a surfactant utilized in diluted and semiconcentrated fabric softeners was performed.

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Laundry Detergents

Cited by 45 publications

References 2 publications

Coacervates as a Modern Delivery System of Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Coacervates as a Modern Delivery System of Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Rheological and Microstructural Behavior of a Model Concentrated Fabric Softener

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