Layer 1 and 2 of a ring-based, real-time network for in-vehicle communication

Richter, H.; Obeid, A.; Glukhikh, Mikhail; Moiseev, Mikhail

doi:10.1109/icumt.2014.7002090

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As we see in the following, each scenario returned unexpected results, which are beneficial for real-time transfer. Finally, the term 'latency' from [3] was replaced by 'elapsed time (ET)' in CR4, because this explains better what we have measured. ET is defined as the time it takes for an entire frame to completely arrive at the destination from the time the first byte is sent out from the source, including acknowledge if required.…”

Section: Performance Of Cr4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accomplish that, the same measurement scenarios 1 and 2 as in CR3 were used under the same boundary conditions, which means that test data were generated by the nodes and not by user interfaces such as CAN because they are too slow. The new results are presented in graphs, together with figures in brackets for the old measurements taken from [3]. Improvement factors from CR3 to CR4 are given to allow for easier comparison.…”

Section: Performance Of Cr4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second result, CarRing II [8], was based on ten 32 bit soft-core processors, which were synthesized for one Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The third result, CR3 [3] was a full-custom FPGA design that was based completely on hardware without any processor (CPU). CR4 is the successor of CR3 and realizes a new design approach derived from tokenbased control-flow [6].…”

Section: Token-based Control Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. New fields compared to [3] are TransportFrameID, MulticastGroup and SendAt, which are explained below.…”

Section: E Cr4 Frame Headermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A discussion of the state of the art of ring networks including theoretical research was given in [3] by us.…”

Section: A Ring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architecture and performance of CR4 - a transparent communication mean for field buses and LANs

Richter

Obeid

2015

2015 7th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT)

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CarRing 4 (CR4) allows to save cables in wiring harnesses by multiplexing heterogeneous field buses as well as LANs such as Ethernet onto one high-speed, low latency backbone that implements both, hard and isochronous real-time. All existing as well as future field buses and LANs are potentially connectable to CR4, and they do not notice their intermediate backbone. This is called by us 'transparent' operation. The maximum source-to-target bandwidth of one CR 'ring' is 1.8 Gbps, and its smallest elapsed time for transferring a data frame is 243 ns. The maximum distance of a ring is 40 m, while a whole CR4 system of up to 256 rings can reach 10 km. Applications for CR4 are in real-time communication-systems for buildings and vehicles for land, sea, air and space, as well as for process and factory automation.

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Section: Performance Of Cr4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of Cr4mentioning

confidence: 99%