Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Graphene Multilayer Films via Covalent Bonds for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Abstract

To maximize the utilization of its single-atom thin nature, a facile scheme to fabricate graphene multilayer films via a layer-by-layer self-assembled process was presented. The structure of multilayer films was constructed by covalently bonding graphene oxide (GO) using p-phenylenediamine (PPD) as a covalent cross-linking agent. The assembly process was confirmed to be repeatable and the structure was stable. With the π-π conjugated structure and a large number of spaces in the framework, the graphene multilayer films exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The uniform ultrathin electrode exhibited a capacitance of 41.71 μF/cm 2 at a discharge current of 0.1 μA/cm 2 , and displayed excellent stability of 88.9 % after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.

Polyvinylidene fluoride/sulfonated graphene oxide blend membrane coated with polypyrrole/platinum electrode for ionic polymer metal composite actuator applications

“…The synthesis of SGO from graphite was affirmed by the typical peaks at 3400, 1600, 1220 and 1060 cm −1 , which are attributed to -OH from intercalated water molecules, C=O and C-OH from a carboxylic acid and C-O stretching, respectively ( Fig. 2c) [31][32][33] . The two significant peaks at ~1113 and ~1017 cm −1 are ascribed to the symmetric and asymmetric modes of stretching of O=S=O in -SO 3 H groups and one more little peak at ~815 cm −1 is related to the stretching vibration of p-disubstituted phenyl groups (Fig.…”

Enhanced covalent p-phenylenediamine crosslinked graphene oxide membranes: Towards superior contaminant removal from wastewaters and improved membrane reusability

“…3) [31,43], where a hydroxyl group and a secondary amine are generated. This leaves the other amine group in PPD to interconnect with a subsequent GO sheet in the next assembly.…”

Tunable beam steering enabled by graphene metamaterials

“…An open question that remains to be answered is the practical realization of the structures we propose here. Fortunately, recent advances in the fabrication of multilayer graphene [32][33][34] let us be optimistic about the feasibility of such structures in the near future. Additionally, biasing multilayer graphene seems difficult in practice.…”

“…Unlike the experimentally tested monolayer graphene technology, devices based on graphene multilayer structures or graphene metamaterials are beyond current fabrication capabilities and, for the moment, exist only as theoretical concepts. Nevertheless, recent advances in the fabrication and practical applications of multilayer graphene structures [32][33][34] can reduce the cost and complexity of the graphene metamaterial technology in the future.…”