“…Foam metals produced using aluminum can be used in many engineering applications due to their high strength and superior wear properties (Baumeister et al, 1997;Duarte and Banhart, 2000;Tan et al, 2005;Banhart and Seeliger, 2008). Although aluminum is generally used in metal foam production, nickel (Gauthier et al, 2004) and especially titanium (Lee et al, 2008;Kashef et al, 2009;Kovtunov et al, 2015) and tantalum (Zardiackas et al, 2001) are used for biomedical applications. The most commonly used foam metal production methods include precision casting (Allen et al, 1959), casting around hollow spheres (Banhart and Seeliger, 2008), metal injection molding, spacer, metal powder rolling, and sintering.…”