Layered heterogeneous structures integrated device for multiplication, division arithmetic unit and multiple-physical sensing

Abstract

A layered heterogeneous structure (LHS), consisting of silver, liquid crystal, and nonlinear dielectric layers, is proposed to realize functions of computing and sensing. By leveraging the optical Tamm state, the intrinsic absorption principle of liquid crystal, and nonlinear effects, the design of an integrated device capable of passive multiplication and division operations, along with high-performance multi-physical quantity sensing functionalities, is achieved. The given LHS exhibits Janus properties, with different physical functions manifested depending on the direction of electromagnetic wave (EW) propagation. During forward propagation of EWs, the LHS displays high and sharp absorptivity peaks at 774.8 and 1517.6 nm. The relationship between the two peaks approximates a frequency multiplication factor of 1.960, enabling signal multiplication. Furthermore, the two absorptivity peaks at different wavelengths facilitate the sensing of serum creatinine solution concentration and external pressure, with sensitivity (S), quality factors (Q), and figure of merit (FOM) of 266.76 μmol L−1/nm and 213.33 GPa/nm, as well as 248.76 and 348.22, 84.1 L (μmol)−1 and 49.06 GPa−1, respectively. During backward propagation of EWs, absorptivity peaks with distinct resolutions are observed at 1423 and 2809 nm, with a multiple relationship between them of 1.974, enabling frequency doubling for signal division. Additionally, the absorptivity curve facilitates temperature sensing over a wide range from 257 to 347 K. Owing to the unique temperature S of liquid crystal, different sensitivities and resolutions are observed at 257 to 297 K and 307 to 347 K, with S of 1.015 and 0.686 K/nm, and corresponding Q and FOM of 21.57 and 12.576, 0.076 K−1 and 0.003 04 K−1, respectively.