One advantage of charge-transfer metal–organic
frameworks
comprising electron-donor (D) and electron-acceptor (A) units is their
controllable electronic state. Herein, a new charge-ordered state
with the formula Z
+[D+D0A2–]− was revealed in
π-stacked pillared-layer frameworks (π-PLFs), [FeCp*2][{Ru2(R
x
PhCO2)4}2(TCNQ)]·n(solv) (R
x
PhCO2
– = R-substituted benzoate with R = m-F (1), and 3,5-F2 (2); [FeCp*2]+ = decamethylferrocenium; TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane; solv = interstitial crystallization solvents),
where [FeCp*2]+ (Z
+) acts as a pillar connecting the two-dimensional [D2A]− layers of [{Ru2(R
x
PhCO2)4}2(TCNQ)]− in the π-stacking mode. The prototype π-PLF with R =
2,3,5,6-F4 (0) had another charge-ordered
state Z
+[D0
2A–], whereas the Z
+[D+D0A2–]−-type
charge-ordered state in 1 and 2 was achieved
by significantly enhancing the electron-donating ability of the [Ru2] units compared to that in 0, inducing electron
transfer from [Ru2
II,II] to TCNQ•– to produce a set of [Ru2
II,III]+ and TCNQ2– in the layer. Compounds 1 and 2 were paramagnetic because of the isolation of
paramagnetic species [Ru2
II,II] (S = 1), [Ru2
II,III]+ (S = 3/2), and [FeCp*2]+ (S =
1/2) shielded by diamagnetic TCNQ2– linkers. This
work demonstrates the feasibility of charge manipulation, even in
the π-PLF system, by controlling the electron-donating ability
of the [Ru2] unit.