“…11 On the other hand, other reports transient exacerbations of imaging and respiratory symptoms, which is considered to be pseudoprogression after ICI introduction, as in our case, and it requires caution in treatment. 12 The role of CN combined with ICI in mRCC has only been reported in a retrospective study where the CN prolonged OS. 13 Regarding the safety and perioperative complications of CN after ICI, dissection in the appropriate plane may be difficult due to adhesions and inflammatory changes.…”