LC Characterisation of Guaco Medicinal Extracts,Mikania laevigataandM. glomerata, and their Effects on Allergic Pneumonitis

Abstract

The leaves of guaco (Mikania glomerata and M. laevigata) are widely used for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. An LC method for the quantification of coumarin and O-coumaric acid in medicinal extracts was developed and validated for linearity, limit of detection, accuracy, precision, as well as intra- and inter-day variations. Extracts and isolated markers were tested in the mice allergic pneumonitis model and the histopathological profile of the lung tissue was analysed. The values found for coumarin and O-coumaric acid in a fluid extract were 1.53 and 1.69 mg/mL, respectively, for M. glomerata, and 0.96 and 0.38 mg/mL for M. laevigata. The values found for the lyophilised aqueous extract were 0.22 and 0.11 mg/mL of coumarin and O-coumaric acid in M. glomerata and 0.05 and 0.02 mg/mL in M. laevigata, respectively . The analysed samples from the species M. glomerata presented more coumarin and O-coumaric acid than the analogous M. laevigata species. Both coumarin and O-coumaric acid are part of the phytocomplex which is responsible for the therapeutic activity of the guaco species. The lyophilisation process generated some alterations in the extract, in comparison with the fresh aqueous extract, and these extracts did not present anti-inflammatory activity. Comparing the histopathological images of the groups tested, a haemorrhagic profile of lung tissue of animals treated with lyophilised extract, O-coumaric acid and coumarin is observed, but not for the group treated with hydroalcoholic extract. It is probable that some protective effect of the whole extract (lost during the lyophilisation process) blocks the harmful effects of the isolated markers.

Genus Mikania: chemical composition and phytotherapeutical activity

“…In M. laevigata the main representatives are cinnamoylgrandifloric acid (45), isopropiloxigrandifloric acid, isobutiloxi-grandifloric acid and kaurenol (Oliveira et al, 1984;Bighetti et al, 2005;Yatsuda et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2006;Bolina et al, 2009). Furthermore, from M. oblongifolia aerial parts were obtained cinnamoylgrandifloric and others terpenes (Vichnewski et al, 1977).…”

“…Antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-allergic Ruppelt et al, 1991;Suyenaga et al, 2002;Bighetti et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2006.…”

Mikania glomerata Spreng. e M. laevigata Sch. Bip. ex Baker, Asteraceae: estudos agronômicos, genéticos, morfoanatômicos, químicos, farmacológicos, toxicológicos e uso nos programas de fitoterapia do Brasil

“…Bras. IV, 2005. Tricoma glandular peltado e tricoma glandular unisseriado, com variável número de células na base e com célula terminal esférica ou espatulada são encontrados em depressão na epiderme, sendo este em maior frequência Lucas, 1942;Oliveira et al, 1984Oliveira et al, , 1985aOliveira et al, , 1993Oliveira et al, , 1994Vilegas et al, 1997;Veneziani et al, 1999;Fierro et al, 1999;Magalhães, 2000;Franchi, 2000;Cabral et al, 2001;Moura et al, 2002;Lima & Biasi, 2002;Castro, 2002;Yatsuda et al, 2005Costa et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2008. Cumarina; diidrocumarina; ácido o-cumárico Oliveira et al, 1984Oliveira et al, , 1994Biguetti, 1999;Magalhães, 2000;Lima & Biasi, 2002;Biavatti et al, 2004;Bighetti et al, 2005;Yatsuda et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2006;Graça et al, 2007b. Oliveira et al, 1984Oliveira et al, , 1985aOliveira et al, , 1993Oliveira et al, , 1994Oliveira et al, , 1999Vilegas et al, 1997;Veneziani et al, 1999;Fierro et al, 1999;Moura et al, 2002;Amaral et al, 2003;Yatsuda et al, 2005.…”

Propriedades físicoquímicas e avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato etanólico padronizado a 70% das folhas de Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae)

“…Vários estudos científicos comprovam as atividades farmacológicas como bactericida, a n t i o f í d i c a , a n t i a l é r g i c a , a n t i f ú n g i c a , antiinflamatória, antidiarréica, inibidora da MAO, antimalárica e broncodilatadora para M. glomerata (Fierro et al, 1999;Holetz et al, 2002;Soares et al (2002);Do Amaral et al, 2003;Falcão et al, 2005;Maiorano et al, 2005;Salgado et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2006;Botsaris, 2007). O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar propriedades físicoquímicas do pó obtido a partir das folhas de M. glomerata, e avaliar a toxicidade em camundongos após tratamento agudo com doses repetidas do extrato etanólico padronizado a 70% obtido a partir das folhas dessa espécie.…”