LC‐HRMS Profiling and Phenolic Content, Cholinesterase, and Antioxidant Activities of Terminalia citrina

Abstract

Terminalia citrina (T. citrina) belongs to the Combretaceae family and is included in the class of medicinal plants in tropical countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India. The antioxidant activities of lyophilized water (WTE) and alcohol extracts (ETE) of T. citrina fruits, their phenolic content by LC‐HRMS, and their effects on cholinesterases (ChEs; AChE, acetylcholinesterase, and BChE, butyrylcholinesterase) were investigated. Especially ten different analytical methods were applied to determine the antioxidant capacity. Compared with similar studies for natural products in the literature, it was determined that both WTE and ETE exhibited strong antioxidant capacity. Syringe and ellagic acids were higher than other acids in ETE and WTE. IC50 values for ETE and WTE in DPPH radical and ABTS⋅+ scavenging activities were calculated as 1.69–1.68 μg mL−1 and 6.79–5.78 μg mL−1, respectively. The results of the biological investigations showed that ETE and WTE had an inhibition effect against ChEs, with IC50 values of 94.87 and 130.90 mg mL−1 for AChE and 262.55 and 279.70 mg mL−1 for BChE, respectively. These findings indicate that with the prominence of herbal treatments, T. citrina plant may guide the literature in treating Alzheimer's Disease, preventing oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Novel asymmetric biscarbothioamides as Alzheimer's disease associated cholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, biological activity, and molecular docking studies

“…Antioxidants should not only target ROS but also address the control of potentially toxic metal ions, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach in designing therapeutic strategies. 52,53…”

Antioxidant, Antiglaucoma, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Effects of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Oil: Metabolite Profile Analysis Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS and GC-FID

“…Plants often produce polyphenols to protect themselves against internal and external stresses. Also, polyphenols, which have a significant effect on the organoleptic qualities of plants, are frequently used, especially in food and cosmetic formulations [ 3 , 4 ]. In addition to being good for the ecosystem, plants function as living chemical factories that generate a variety of secondary metabolites.…”

Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase, Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, and α-Glycosidase Inhibition Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Baicalin Hydrate

“…Nonetheless, antioxidants may postpone or reduce such oxidative damage, preventing and alleviating illnesses caused by oxidative stress [7]. Furthermore, antioxidants, which are biologically active substances that cannot be produced by the body, can strengthen the body's antioxidant defenses when taken with food [8][9][10]. The natural sources of fruits and vegetables have a powerful and broad spectrum of antioxidants.…”