LC-MS/MS and GC/MS Profiling of Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. and Its Topical Application on Burn Wound Healing and Related Analgesic Potential in Rats

Abstract

Parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) is renowned for its ethnomedicinal uses including managing pain, wound, and dermal diseases. We previously highlighted the estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of parsley and profiled the phytochemistry of its polyphenolic fraction using HPLC-DAD. To extend our investigation, we here characterized the phytochemical composition of the hydro-ethanolic extract using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS upon silylation, and evaluated the antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities of its hydro-ethanolic and polyphenolic fraction. The antioxidant property was assessed using FRAP, DPPH, and TAC assays. The antimicrobial activity was tested against four wound infectious microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans). The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid (counting the number of writhes) and formalin (recording the licking and biting times) injections while the wound healing activity was evaluated using burn model in vivo. The LC-MS/MS showed that the hydro-ethanolic contains four polyphenols (oleuropein, arbutin, myricetin, and naringin) while GC-MS revealed that it contains 20 compounds including malic acid, D-glucose, and galactofuranoside. The hydro-ethanolic (1000 mg/kg) decreased abdominal writhes (38.96%) and licking time (37.34%). It also elicited a strong antioxidant activity using DPPH method (IC50 = 19.38 ± 0.15 µg/mL). Polyphenols exhibited a good antimicrobial effect (MIC = 3.125–12.5 mg/mL). Moreover, both extracts showed high wound contraction by 97.17% and 94.98%, respectively. This study provides evidence that P. sativum could serve as a source of bio-compounds exhibiting analgesic effect and their promising application in mitigating ROS-related disorders, impeding wound infections, and enhancing burn healing.

Profiling of Petroselinum sativum (mill.) fuss phytoconstituents and assessment of their biocompatibility, antioxidant, anti-aging, wound healing, and antibacterial activities

“…Moreover, other aglycons were characterized along with their glycosidic and acetylated conjugations, such as isorhamnetin, diosmetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. In contrast, different types of polyphenols, mainly oleuropein, arbutin, myricetin, and naringin were recently revealed in the P. sativum hydro-ethanolic extract ( 32 ). The differences in the phytochemical composition are due to many factors, such as the geographical location, climate, soil type, growth stage, cultivation practices, and processing methods.…”

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Parsley): An Updated Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

“…Also, the extract at a 10% concentration in ointment base, specially hydroethanolic extract, showed a significant wound healing activity in a rat model of burn wound. 14 Hexane extract of parsley leaves showed larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larva, which suggest it to be a possible promising natural agent to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. 56 Safety Concerns.…”

“…Figure shows the molecular structures of the main parsley flavonoids. Studies reported the total flavonoid content of parsley within a range of 0.76 mg catechin equivalent per each gram of the dried weight of the hydromethanolic extract to 16.46 mg quercetin equivalent/gram of the hydroethanolic extract of aerial parts. , The most abundant flavonoid present in parsley is apigenin, possessing a trihydroxy-flavone structure, which may be isolated both as an aglycone and as various glycosides. Apiin (apigenin-7- O -apiosyl- O -glucoside), which is the most abundant form of apigenin, as well as cosmosiin (apigenin-7- O -glucoside), are both isolated from the aqueous extract of the leaves .…”

“…It is reported that parsley contain a total phenolic content of about 6.94 mg gallic acid equivalent per each gram of the hydromethanolic extract and 34.55 mg gallic acid equivalent per each gram of the hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts. , Phenolic acids are another subgroup of polyphenols which are widely found in parsley. These compounds comprise an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl functional groups.…”

“…Although the extracts were not as potent as tramadol (standard drug), they showed a significant analgesic effect vs negative control. Also, the extract at a 10% concentration in ointment base, specially hydroethanolic extract, showed a significant wound healing activity in a rat model of burn wound …”