LCA of soybean meal

Dalgaard, Randi; Schmidt, Jannick Højrup; Halberg, Niels; Christensen, Per; Thrane, Mikkel; Pengue, Walter

doi:10.1065/lca2007.06.342

Cited by 299 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cultivation of soyabean in South America is often assumed to be associated with the conversion of forest, pasture and shrub land to cropland. Dalgaard et al (2008) reported 5.7 kg CO 2eq /kg soyabean meal if land use changes are included in the calculation of GHG emissions. Calculating GHG emissions with the emission factor of 5.7 kg CO 2eq /kg soyabean meal, total GHG emissions of Scenario 2 (constant milk and constant beef production) increased 25%, 31% and 32% for DU-6, 0.75 DU-8 including SU and 0.6 DU-10 including SU, respectively.…”

Section: Allocation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does increasing milk yield per cow reduce greenhouse gas emissions? A system approach

Zehetmeier

Baudracco

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

Animal

113

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Milk yield per cow has continuously increased in many countries over the last few decades. In addition to potential economic advantages, this is often considered an important strategy to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per kg of milk produced. However, it should be considered that milk and beef production systems are closely interlinked, as fattening of surplus calves from dairy farming and culled dairy cows play an important role in beef production in many countries. The main objective of this study was to quantify the effect of increasing milk yield per cow on GHG emissions and on other side effects. Two scenarios were modelled: constant milk production at the farm level and decreasing beef production (as co-product; Scenario 1); and both milk and beef production kept constant by compensating the decline in beef production with beef from suckler cow production (Scenario 2). Model calculations considered two types of production unit (PU): dairy cow PU and suckler cow PU. A dairy cow PU comprises not only milk output from the dairy cow, but also beef output from culled cows and the fattening system for surplus calves. The modelled dairy cow PU differed in milk yield per cow per year (6000, 8000 and 10 000 kg) and breed. Scenario 1 resulted in lower GHG emissions with increasing milk yield per cow. However, when milk and beef outputs were kept constant (Scenario 2), GHG emissions remained approximately constant with increasing milk yield from 6000 to 8000 kg/cow per year, whereas further increases in milk yield (10 000 kg milk/cow per year) resulted in slightly higher (8%) total GHG emissions. Within Scenario 2, two different allocation methods to handle co-products (surplus calves and beef from culled cows) from dairy cow production were evaluated. Results showed that using the 'economic allocation method', GHG emissions per kg milk decreased with increasing milk yield per cow per year, from 1.06 kg CO 2 equivalents (CO 2eq ) to 0.89 kg CO 2eq for the 6000 and 10 000 kg yielding dairy cow, respectively. However, emissions per kg of beef increased from 10.75 kg CO 2eq to 16.24 kg CO 2eq due to the inclusion of suckler cows. This study shows that the environmental impact (GHG emissions) of increasing milk yield per cow in dairy farming differs, depending upon the considered system boundaries, handling and value of co-products and the assumed ratio of milk to beef demand to be satisfied.

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Section: Allocation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does increasing milk yield per cow reduce greenhouse gas emissions? A system approach

Zehetmeier

Baudracco

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

Animal

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, no data was available about how the RTFO value was estimated. Dalgaard et al (2007) give values for GWP, AP and EP for soybean and soybean meal production in Argentina based on a consequential LCA approach. The GWP of Argentinean soybean obtained by Dalgaard et al (2007) differs from the value obtained in this study (0.6 and 1.6 kg CO 2 -eq kg −1 soybean, respectively).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of soybean-based biodiesel in Argentina for export

Panichelli

Dauriat²,

Gnansounou

2008

Int J Life Cycle Assess

155

113

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Background, aim and scope Regional specificities are a key factor when analyzing the environmental impact of a biofuel pathway through a life cycle assessment (LCA). Due to different energy mixes, transport distances, agricultural practices and land use changes, results can significantly vary from one country to another. The Republic of Argentina is the first exporter of soybean oil and meal and the third largest soybean producer in the world, and therefore, soybean-based biodiesel production is expected to significantly increase in the near future, mostly for exportation. Moreover, Argentinean biodiesel producers will need to evaluate the environmental performances of their product in order to comply with sustainability criteria being developed. However, because of regional specificities, the environmental performances of this biofuel pathway can be expected to be different from those obtained for other countries and feedstocks previously studied. This work aims at analyzing the environmental impact of soybean-based biodiesel production in Argentina for export. The relevant impact categories account for the primary non-renewable energy consumption (CED), the global warming potential (GWP), the eutrophication potential (EP), the acidification potential (AP), the terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE), the aquatic ecotoxicity (AE), the human toxicity (HT) and land use competition (LU). The paper tackles the feedstock and country specificities in biodiesel production by comparing the results of soybean-based biodiesel in Argentina with other reference cases. Emphasis is put on explaining the factors that contribute most to the final results and the regional specificities that lead to different results for each biodiesel pathway. Materials and methods The Argentinean (AR) biodiesel pathway was modelled through an LCA and was compared with reference cases available in the ecoinvent® 2.01 database, namely, soybean-based biodiesel production in Brazil (BR) and the United States (US), rapeseed-based biodiesel production in the European Union (EU) and Switzerland (CH) and palm-oil-based biodiesel production in Malaysia (MY). In all cases, the systems were modelled from feedstock production to biodiesel use as B100 in a 28 t truck in CH. Furthermore, biodiesel pathways were compared with fossil low-sulphur diesel produced and used in CH. The LCA was performed according to the ISO standards. The life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) were performed in Excel spreadsheets using the ecoinvent® 2.01 database. The cumulative energy demand (CED) and the GWP were estimated through the CED for fossil and nuclear energy and the IPCC 2001 (climate change) LCIA methods, respectively. Other impact categories were assessed according to CML 2001, as implemented in ecoinvent. As the product is a fuel for transportation (service), the system was defined for one vehicle kilometre (functional unit) and was divided into seven unit processes, namely, agricultural phase, soybean oil extraction and refining, transesteri...

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“…Attempts have been made to apply both methods to the same products to illustrate the applicability of consequential approach, e.g. the study carried out by Thomassen et al (2008) and Dalgaard et al (2008). However, as pointed out by Finnveden et al (2009), CLCA studies are likely to be more conceptually complex and less transparent than static models based on the traditional ALCA approach;…”

Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies focus on the general methodology aspects, where wheat has been a main example (Brentrup et al, 2004a, Audsley et al, 2003, Brentrup, 2004. In addition to ALCAs, application of CLCA in wheat farming systems have also been explored (Schmidt, 2008). Based on the general LCA framework, regional LCA models for wheat were developed e.g.…”

Section: Lcas Of the Wheat Agro-ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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LCA of soybean meal

Cited by 299 publications

References 28 publications

Does increasing milk yield per cow reduce greenhouse gas emissions? A system approach

Does increasing milk yield per cow reduce greenhouse gas emissions? A system approach

Life cycle assessment of soybean-based biodiesel in Argentina for export

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

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