LCA to Evaluate the Environmental Impact for Chemical Pre-treatment in Plastics Metallization

Abstract

The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to calculate the environmental impacts of the current chemical pre-treatment with chromium (VI) for electroplating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The inventory comprised: the procurement of chemicals; the manufacturing process with successive baths and rinses that requires, in addition to chemicals, energy to heat baths, air agitation, filtration, and so forth, wastewater treatment and air emissions; and also the treatment of sludges from wastewater treatment and exhausted baths. Chromic acid was almost the unique responsible of eco-toxicity (97.5%) and human toxicity-cancer (99.8%) and it was one of the highest contributor to climate change, cumulative energy demand, fossil fuel depletion, human toxicity non-cancer, and in abiotic depletion.

Life-cycle and environmental impact assessments on processing of plant fibres and its bio-composites: A critical review

“…LCA is one among the intricate methods available for EIA and is also considered to be paramount of all methods irrespective of its demerits [55]. The evaluation of the environmental benefits of potential alternatives may be accomplished using the LCA methodology [56]. Ultimately, LCA can be used to decide the attainability of certain item or process.…”

Eco-Holonic 4.0 Circular Business Model to Conceptualize Sustainable Value Chain towards Digital Transition

“…The suitability of each tool is represented by (suitable) and (not suitable). Material Flow Analysis [86,87] (1), ( 2), (3) Life Cycle Assessment [88][89][90][91] (1), ( 2), (3) Material entry per service unit [92] (3) Ecological Rucksack [93] (3) Water circularity [94] (3) Longevity indicator [95] (2), (3) Input-Output Analysis [96] (1), ( 2), (3) Trophic chain [97,98] (2) Industrial symbiosis [99,100] (2) Ecological Networks Analysis [101][102][103] (1), ( 2), (3) Biogeochemical cycles [60] (1) Embedded Energy Analysis [104,105] (1), ( 2), (3) Emergy Analysis [106] (1), (2) Exergy Analysis [107] (2), ( 3) Analysis of Social Exergy [108] (2), (3) Sankey diagram [109] (3) Substance Flow Analysis [110] (1), ( 2), ( 3) Substance Analysis from C2C [111] (1), ( 2), ( 3) Bioinspired or biomimetic design [112,113] (2), ( 3) Life cycle cost analysis [114,115] (3) Analysis of Economic Networks [116]…”

Hexavalent chromium waste removal via bioelectrochemical systems – a life cycle assessment perspective

“…Existing studies on the LCA of chromium waste removal incorporated the chromium laden wastewater treatment as part of a chrome plating system. 44 Fig. 5 GWP (kg CO 2 -eq.)…”