LDL-C: The Only Causal Risk Factor for ASCVD. Why Is It Still Overlooked and Underestimated?

Ferhatbegovic, L. (Pojskic); Mrsic, Denis; Kušljugić, Sabina; Pojskić, Belma

doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01037-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition to physician education, continuous patient education may facilitate implementation and adherence to guideline recommendations aimed at reducing LDL-C levels. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians in Canada of Guideline Recommendations for Lowering LDL-Cholesterol in High-Risk Patients

Taboun¹,

Naik²,

Brown³

et al. 2023

CJC Open

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“…In addition to physician education, continuous patient education may facilitate implementation and adherence to guideline recommendations aimed at reducing LDL-C levels. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians in Canada of Guideline Recommendations for Lowering LDL-Cholesterol in High-Risk Patients

Taboun¹,

Naik²,

Brown³

et al. 2023

CJC Open

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“…It is well known that dyslipidemia greatly influences the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ASCVD has been extensively studied ( 4 , 5 ). Lowering plasma LDL-C levels has been recommended as a priority measure to prevent ASCVD for decades ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of remnant cholesterol with CVD incidence: a general population cohort study in Southwest China

Liu,

Dai,

Tian

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundEmerging evidence has indicated that remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Nevertheless, the relationship between RC and CVD risk, especially within the general Chinese population, remains scarce.ObjectiveThe present research aimed to assess whether RC concentrations and CVD outcomes in general Chinese adults are related.MethodsThe Cox proportional hazard model was established to explore the relationship between RC and the outcomes of CVD and CVD subgroups. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to investigate the dose–response connection between RC and the risk of CVD outcomes, and the ROC curve was used to calculate the corresponding cutoff values. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to investigate the potential effect modification in the association between RC and CVD outcomes.ResultsSignificant positive associations were found between elevated categorical RC and increased risk of CVD (HR Q4, 1.80; 95% CI 1.15–2.79; P-value = 0.008), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR Q4, 2.00; 95% CI 1.22–3.27; P-value = 0.007), stroke (HR Q4, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.69; P-value = 0.040), and ischemic stroke (HR Q4, 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.25; P-value = 0.034), respectively. Our study suggested that the incidence of CVD outcomes increased when RC levels were above 0.75 mmol/L. Importantly, the CVD risks related to RC were more likely to be those found in subjects aged above 60 years, women, subjects with BMI <24 kg/m2, and subjects with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.ConclusionsAberrant high level of RC is associated with elevated CVD risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our data reveal urgent primary prevention for subjects with high RC levels to a low incidence of CVD, especially for the elderly, women, and those with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.

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“…The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with ASCVD has been extensively studied (4,5). Lowering plasma LDL-C levels has been recommended as a priority measure to prevent ASCVD for decades (6, 7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Remnant Cholesterol is associated with CVD incidence: A general population cohort study in Southwest China

Liu

Dai

Tian

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Emerging evidence has indicated that remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Nevertheless, the relationship of RC with CVD risk, especially within the general Chinese population remains scarce. The purpose of the present research was to assess that RC concentrations and CVD outcomes in general Chinese adults are related. The Cox proportional hazard model was established to explore the relationship for RC and the outcomes of CVD and CVD subgroups. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to investigate the dose-response connection between RC and the risk of CVD outcomes, and the ROC curve was used to calculate the corresponding cut-off values. Moreover, stratified analysis was carried out to investigate the potential effect modification in the association between RC and CVD outcomes. Significant positive associations were found between elevated categorical RC and increased risk of CVD (HR Q4, 1.80; 95% CI 1.15–2.79; P-trend = 0.008), Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (HR Q4, 2.00; 95% CI 1.22–3.27; P-trend = 0.007), Stroke (HR Q4, 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.69; P-trend = 0.040), and Ischemic stroke (HR Q4, 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.25; P-trend = 0.034), respectively. Our study suggested that the incidence of CVD outcomes increased when RC levels were above 0.75 mmol/L. Importantly, the CVD risks related with RC were more likely to be those aged＞60 years, females, BMI < 24 kg/m2, and who with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns. In conclusion, aberrant high level of RC is associated with elevated CVD risk, and independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our data reveal urgent primary prevention for subjects with high RC levels to low incidence of CVD, especially for the elderly, females, and those with hypertension and unhealthy diet patterns.

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LDL-C: The Only Causal Risk Factor for ASCVD. Why Is It Still Overlooked and Underestimated?

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians in Canada of Guideline Recommendations for Lowering LDL-Cholesterol in High-Risk Patients

Awareness Among Primary Care Physicians in Canada of Guideline Recommendations for Lowering LDL-Cholesterol in High-Risk Patients

Association of remnant cholesterol with CVD incidence: a general population cohort study in Southwest China

The Remnant Cholesterol is associated with CVD incidence: A general population cohort study in Southwest China

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