“…The challenge is complicated by the necessity to optimize the localization choice. In fact, and this is true especially for franchising (Galiano, et al, 2018), there exist the possibility for firm to standardize some services especially for example for products and brand, but at the same time, firms should realize some kind of customization in the localization process, trying to respect either implicit and explicit norms that regulate the process of urbanization of retailers. This create a twofold tension between the process of standardization and the process of customization of retail services, and effectively reduce the level of standardization creating more diversified local retails that are able to better interpret the necessity of the local community.…”